《个人信息保护法》第50条(个人信息权利行使保障机制)评注

Commentary on Article 50 of the Personal Information Protection Law(Mechanism for Safe guarding the Exercise of Personal Information Rights)

《个人信息保护法》第50条规定了个人信息权利行使的保障机制,其规范目的在于保障以知情同意为核心的信息自决权得以实现。个人信息权利行使保障机制存在双重结构:一重是以个人信息处理者为义务主体搭建的个人信息权利行使保障机制,包括权利行使申请的受理与处理机制,这一机制应当符合便捷性的要求;另一重是对保障机制的保障和兜底,以有关监管部门和法院等为救济主体,在保障机制失灵时借助国家强制力实现权利救济。为了实现保护个人信息权益和避免过度加重信息处理者成本之间的平衡,第50条在对个人信息处理者保障个人信息权利行使的义务作出原则性规定的同时,也赋予其特殊情形下的拒绝权以豁免此种义务。权利行使保障机制需要从请求受理机制、身份核查机制、请求处理机制和衔接机制四个方面进行具体的构建与完善。

Article 50 of the Personal Information Protection Law stipulates the safeguard mechanism for the exercise of personal information rights,and its regulatory purpose is to ensure the realization of the right to information self-determination centred on informed consent.The protection mechanism for the exercise of personal information rights has a dual structure:one is the protection mechanism for the exercise of personal information rights,which is built with the personal information processor as the subject of obligation,including the mechanism for the acceptance and processing of applications for the exercise of rights,which should be in line with the requirement of convenience;the other is the protection and backing of the protection mechanism,which is built with the relevant supervisory authorities and courts as the subject of redress,and the right redress is realized with the help of the state coercive power in the event of a failure of the protection mechanism.The other is the protection and underwriting of the safeguard mechanism,with the relevant supervisory authorities and courts as the main relief bodies,and the state's coercive power to realize the rights relief when the safeguard mechanism fails.In order to strike a balance between protecting the rights and interests of personal information and avoiding excessively increasing the costs of information processors,Article 50 provides for the obligation of personal information processors to safeguard the exercise of personal information rights in principle,while also granting them the right of refusal to exempt themselves from such an obligation in special circumstances.The mechanism for safeguarding the exercise of rights needs to be constructed and improved in four aspects,namely the mechanism for accepting requests,the mechanism for verifying identity,the mechanism for processing requests and the mechanism for linkage.