从同文馆到北京大学:近代中国“Peking University”概念考论

Retreat of Goodness:Modern Trends of Educational Philosophy’s Research&their Consequences

从晚清到民国,“Peking University”的指称对象先后包括京师同文馆、汇文书院、京师大学堂、私立燕京大学和国立北京大学五所驻京高等教育机构,其中既有国立最高学府,也有私立教会学校。虽然部分属于非正式名称,但仍具有广泛社会影响。语言概念的重叠带来话语表达中的歧义,同时也投射出多元复杂的历史图景。依据档案、报刊、辞书、回忆录等材料,返回历史现场,梳理近代中国“Peking University”概念的生成和流变,从中考察新式教育的引入、中西观念的互动及文化空间的形成,有助于探求译名背后的知识建构、教育转型与社会变迁。

It is an inevitable task and a historical tradition for educational philosophy’s research to make a through inquiry of educational goodness.Such studies’virtues include critiques and transcendences of the current education,questioning the basis of current education,holding the way of public rational dialogues with the view of political philosophy and ethical philosophy.But now,the tradition of educational philosophy’s researches declines with the modern trends of educational philosophy.Educational philosophy’s researches do not seek for educational goodness.Such retreat results in randomicity and romanticism of researches,instrumentalism of researches,critiques without self control,pessimism of researches,pluralism worship and nihilism of our mind.Re-enchanting the researches of seeking educational goodness,we need re-study the tradition of educational philosophy,and re-build our belief of rationality.