机会成本视角下新疆肉牛养殖的全要素生产率测度——基于DEA-Malmquist指数分析

Total Factor Productivity Measurement of Xinjiang Beef Cattle Breeding from the Perspective of Opportunity Cost——Based on DEA-Malmquist Index Analysis

在传统肉牛养殖全要素生产率的研究中,机会成本的考量往往被忽视。然而,不考虑机会成本会导致对养殖户在肉牛养殖中的隐性投入被忽略,从而无法真实地反映肉牛养殖的全要素生产率。为了准确测算新疆肉牛养殖的全要素生产率,在以2008—2022年新疆肉牛主产值为产出指标,以仔畜费、饲草料费、人工费为投入指标的基础上引入机会成本要素,采用DEA-Malmquist指数从静态和动态视角对新疆肉牛养殖的技术效率和技术进步的相关情况进行分析。结果表明:从静态角度来看,新疆肉牛养殖的水平并不高,收益较低,主要受到规模效率的影响,个别年份受到纯技术效率的影响,说明在目前的养殖规模和技术水平下,新疆肉牛养殖的效益尚未达到理想状态,仍有较大的提升空间;从动态角度来看,新疆肉牛养殖全要素生产率变动的主要原因是技术进步,说明随着新技术的不断应用和推广,新疆肉牛养殖的生产效率有望得到进一步提升。最后,从优化养殖规模和布局、加强技术创新与推广、加大对职业养殖户的培育等3个方面提出促进新疆肉牛产业高质量发展的的对策建议。

In traditional studies on the total factor productivity(TFP)of beef cattle farming,the consideration of opportunity costs is often overlooked.However,neglecting these costs can lead to an ignoring of the hidden investments made by farmers in beef production,thereby failing to accurately reflect the true TFP of beef cattle farming.To precisely measure the TFP of Xinjiang's beef cattle farming,this study introduced the element of opportunity costs,using the main output value of Xinjiang's beef cattle from 2008 to 2022 as the output indicator and expenses such as breed fees,feed costs,and labor costs as input indicators,the research employed the DEA-Malmquist index to examine the technical efficiency and technological advancements in Xinjiang's beef cattle farming from both static and dynamic perspectives.The results indicate that,from a static viewpoint,the level of beef cattle farming in Xinjiang is not high,with low returns,primarily influenced by scale efficiency,and in some years,by pure technical efficiency,this suggests that,under the current scale and level of technology,the benefits of beef cattle farming in Xinjiang have not reached an ideal state and there is still significant room for improvement.From a dynamic perspective,the main driver of changes in the TFP of Xinjiang's beef cattle farming is technological progress,this indicates that as new technologies continue to be applied and promoted,the production efficiency of Xinjiang's beef cattle farming is expected to be further enhanced.Finally,in order to promote the high-quality development of Xinjiang's beef cattle industry corresponding strategic recommendations were put forward from three aspects:optimizing breeding scale and layout,strengthening technological innovation and promotion,and increasing the cultivation of professional farmers.