利妥昔单抗联合免疫抑制剂冲击治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效及对CAS评分、预后转归的影响

Effect of rituximab combined with immunosuppressive pulse therapy for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and its influence on clinical activity score and prognosis

目的 探讨利妥昔单抗联合免疫抑制剂冲击治疗甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)的疗效,并分析其对临床活动性(CAS)评分、预后转归的影响。方法 选取2020年3月至2022年10月黄冈市中心医院收治的136例272眼TAO患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(68例)、对照组(68例),其中对照组患者给予免疫抑制剂冲击治疗,观察组患者给予利妥昔单抗+免疫抑制剂冲击治疗,均治疗4个疗程(7 d为1个疗程)。比较两组患者临床疗效、眼征状况、CAS评分、甲状腺状况[甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺体积]、T淋巴细胞亚群、不良反应情况。随访6个月,比较两组患者预后转归情况。结果 治疗4个疗程后观察组总有效率[94.12%(64/68)]高于对照组[82.35%(56/68)](P<0.05)。治疗2个疗程、4个疗程后,观察组患者眼球突出度、眼压、平均睑裂宽度、球后软组织体积、球尖距、CAS评分、TPOAb、TRAb、甲状腺体积均小于对照组,均较治疗前减少(均为P<0.05),泪膜脂质层厚度均大于对照组,均较治疗前增加(均为P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者以上指标差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。治疗前两组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞表达水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);治疗2个疗程、4个疗程后两组患者CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞表达水平均较治疗前升高,除治疗2个疗程后观察组患者CD4+T淋巴细胞表达小于对照组外,其余时间点患者CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞表达水平观察组均高于对照组(均为P<0.05);治疗2个疗程、4个疗程后两组患者CD8+T淋巴细胞表达水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组均低于对照组(均为P<0.05)。两组患者低热、恶心、低血钾等不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。随访6个月,观察组好转率[95.59%(65/68)]高于对照组[79.41%(54/68)](P<0.05)。结论 利妥昔单抗联合免疫抑制剂冲击治疗TAO患者疗效显著,可缓解眼征状况、甲状腺状况,降低临床活动性,促进预后转归。

Objective To investigate the efficacy of rituximab combined with immunosuppressive pulse therapy for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)and analyze its influence on clinical activity score(CAS)and prognosis.Methods A total of 136 patients(272 eyes)with TAO who were admitted to Huanggang Central Hospital from March 2020 to October 2022 were selected and divided into an observation group(68 patients)and a control group(68 patients)using a random number table method.Patients in the control group were given immunosuppressive pulse therapy,while patients in the observation group were given rituximab plus immunosuppressive pulse therapy.Both groups were treated for 4 courses(7 days per course).The clinical efficacy,eye signs,CAS score,thyroid conditions[thyrotropin receptor antibody(TRAb),thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb),thyroid volume],T lymphocyte subsets,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.After a follow-up period of six months,the prognosis of patients in the two groups was compared.Results After 4 courses of treatment,the total effective rate of patients in the observation group was 94.12%(64/68),which was higher than that in the control group(82.35%,56/68)(P<0.05).After 2 and 4 courses of treatment,the degree of exophthalmos,intraocular pressure,average palpebral fissure width,retrobulbar soft tissue volume,distance from the bulbus oculi,CAS score,TPOAb,TRAb,and thyroid volume of patients in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group,and all decreased compared to before treatment(all P<0.05);the thickness of the tear film lipid layer was greater than that in the control group,and both increased compared to before treatment(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the said indicators between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05).The CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+T lymphocyte levels of patients showed no significant difference between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05).After 2 and 4 courses of treatment,the levels of CD3+and CD4+T lymphocyte in both groups were higher than those before treatment.Except that the CD4+T lymphocyte level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group after 2 courses of treatment,the levels of CD3+and CD4+T lymphocyte in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at other time points(all P<0.05).After 2 and 4 courses of treatment,the level of CD8+T lymphocyte in both groups decreased compared to before treatment,and it was lower in the observation group than the control group(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions such as low fever,nausea,and hypokalemia between the two groups(all P<0.05).After the 6-month follow-up,the improvement rate of patients in the observation group was 95.59%(65/68),which was higher than that in the control group(79.41%,54/68)(P<0.05).Conclusion Rituximab combined with immunosuppressive pulse therapy is effective for TAO.It can alleviate eye signs and thyroid conditions,reduce clinical activity,and promote prognosis.