贵州省安顺地区煤矿矿山生态环境修复示范研究——以普茂煤矿为例

研究区煤矿废弃矿山环境恢复治理工作重视矿山地形地貌恢复治理,而对生态环境修复理念重视程度不够。从生态修复的角度出发,通过对研究区典型矿山治理现状、治理优缺点、植物对矿山生态修复的功能等方面进行分析研究,探寻建立研究区煤矿矿山生态修复的示范体系,为研究区的煤矿矿山生态修复提供理论依据。提出研究区矿山生态修复示范体系应包括下列内容:通过现场调查,详细了解矿区内的地质灾害情况,采用人工配合机械的手段对矿区内地质灾害隐患点进行治理;根据现状调查及土地利用现状图,对地形地貌景观破坏区域进行恢复治理,同时应对破坏区域的环境污染现状进行调查,若存在环境污染的破坏区域,应对环境污染物质进行治理;矿山开采过程中,对含水层造成破坏的矿山,应对矿山含水层进行治理,恢复含水层未被破坏前的状态,其中包括重金属污染物质破坏方面的恢复;矿山土地被占用的工业场地、尾矿渣堆场、矿山废水池等区域,在恢复占用土地现状的同时,应对尾矿渣、工业废水等进行污染物质调查,存在污染物质时应对污染物质进行治理;对于存在污染物质的矿山,应高度重视污染物质的处理,建议采用植物种植的生态修复方式进行生态修复,种植的植物优选蕨类植物(蜈蚣草、芒萁)、商陆、凤眼莲、芦苇、地枇杷、辣蓼等。

The environmental restoration and management work of abandoned coal mines in the research area only focuses on the restoration and management of mining terrain and landforms,and does not pay enough attention to the concept of ecological environment restoration.From the perspective of ecological restoration,this article conducts research and analysis on the current situation,advantages and disadvantages,and the role of plants in ecological restoration of typical mines in the study area.It explores a demonstration system for ecological restoration of coal mines in the study area,providing a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of coal mines in the study area.Through research,it is proposed that the demonstration system for ecological restoration of mines in the research area should include five aspects:through on-site investigation,a detailed understanding of the geological hazards in the area should be obtained,and manual and mechanical means should be used to manage the hidden geological hazards in the mining area;based on the current investigation and land use status map,restore and treat the damaged areas of terrain and landscape.At the same time,investigate the environmental pollution status of the damaged areas.For areas with environmental pollution,environmental pollutants should be treated;during the mining process,mines that cause damage to the aquifer should be treated to restore the aquifer to its original state,including the restoration of damage caused by heavy metal pollutants;in areas such as industrial sites,tailings and slag storage yards,and mining wastewater pools where mining land is occupied,while restoring the current status of occupied land,pollution substances such as tailings and industrial wastewater should be investigated,if there are pollutants,they should be treated;for mines that contain pollutants,high attention should be paid to the treatment of pollutants.The paper advocates the use of plant planting ecological restoration methods for ecological restoration.The main plants to be planted include ferns(centipede grass,osmanthus),phytolacca,water hyacinth,reeds,loquats,and Polygonum hydrophila.