页岩油气开发诱发地震的研究现状及进展——以加拿大、美国和中国为例

Advances in induced seismicity from shale oil and gas development:case studies in Canada,the United States,and China

页岩油气的开发助推了全球油气储量及产量增长,重塑了全球能源格局。伴随着页岩油气开发过程中的水力压裂和废水处理,页岩油气田附近的诱发地震频率急剧增加,其中大多数为微地震,但破坏性地震也时有发生。这种现象主要发生于美国中西部、加拿大西部和中国西南地区。页岩油气开发诱发地震成因复杂,目前普遍认为主要有三种诱发机制:静态库仑应力变化、孔隙弹性介质理论和流体压力扩散及无震滑移。在汇总全球主要页岩油气诱发破坏性地震分布及其诱发机制的基础上,以加拿大的不列颠哥伦比亚省霍恩河盆地和阿尔伯塔省的Fox Creek地区,美国的科罗拉多州南部、新墨西哥州北部的Raton盆地和俄克拉何马州,中国的重庆市荣昌地区和四川省长宁—兴宁地区为例,系统论述页岩油气开发典型诱发地震的基本情况和诱发机制,介绍诱发地震的前瞻性预测与管控措施,并对页岩油气开发诱发地震的研究现状及进展进行总结和展望。

The development of shale oil and gas has significantly driven global growth in reserves and production,fundamentally altering the energy landscape.As shale oil and gas development progresses,including hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal,the frequency of induced seismic events near shale oil and gas fields has increased notably.While most of these events are microseismic,destructive earthquakes occasionally occur in regions such as the Midwestern United States,Western Canada,and Southwestern China.The triggering mechanisms of destructive induced earthquakes are complex,involving static Coulomb failure stress changes,poroelasticity,pore-fluid pressure diffusion,and aseismic slip,and have been studied worldwide.This review summarizes the distribution and mechanisms of major destructive induced earthquakes related to shale oil and gas globally.It systematically discusses the basic conditions and triggering mechanisms of typical induced earthquakes in several regions,including the Horn River Basin in British Columbia,Canada;the Fox Creek area in Alberta,Canada;the Raton Basin in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico,United States;Oklahoma in the United States;Rongchang in Chongqing,China;and the Changning-Xinjiang area in Sichuan,China.Additionally,this review presents prospective prediction and control measures for induced earthquakes and concludes with a summary and outlook on the current status and progress of research related to induced earthquakes from shale oil and gas development.