澳洲坚果种质资源花序表型性状多样性分析

Diversity Analysis of Inflorescence Phenotypic Traits of Macadamia spp.Germplasm Resources

【目的】明确澳洲坚果花序表型性状的遗传多样性,为种质资源的保护和利用奠定基础。【方法】以91份澳洲坚果种质资源为材料,利用变异系数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析及逐步回归分析,对14个花序表型性状进行分析及评价。【结果】(1)4个质量性状的遗传多样性指数为0.1209~1.6458,10个数量性状的遗传多样性指数为1.8641~2.0746、变异系数为10.09%~28.24%。(2)数量性状之间的相关性分析显示:23对性状的相关性呈极显著水平(P<0.01),8对性状的相关性呈显著水平(P<0.05),关系密切且复杂。(3)主成分分析筛选出5个特征值大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达75.725%,反映了澳洲坚果种质花序表型性状的大部分信息。(4)遗传距离为15时,可将种质资源聚为4个类群。(5)基于主成分贡献率权重,构建综合评价函数:F=0.356F_(1)+0.213F_(2)+0.192F_(3)+0.129F_(4)+0.109F_(5),91份澳洲坚果种质资源综合得分(F值)为0.508~2.640,排名前5的种质为D4、HAES695、YN55、广9、YN68。【结论】澳洲坚果种质资源花序表型具有丰富的遗传多样性,基于表型性状进行综合评价,筛选出5份性状较优的单株资源。

[Purpose]To determine the genetic diversity of inflorescence phenotypic traits of Macadamia spp.,providing a foundation for the protection and utilization of germplasm resources.[Methods]The phenotypic traits of 14 inflorescences of 91 Macadamia spp.germplasm resources were analyzed and evaluated by coefficient of variation,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis and stepwise regression analysis.[Results]1)The genetic diversity index of four quality traits was 0.1209-1.6458;the genetic diversity index of ten quantitative traits was 1.8641-2.0746,and the coefficient of variation of ten quantitative traits ranged from 10.09%to 28.24%.2)Correlation analysis among quantitative traits showed that the correlation of 22 pairs of traits was extremely significant(P<0.01),and that of eight pairs of traits was significant(P<0.05),which was close and complex.3)Five principal components with characteristic values greater than one were screened out by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 75.525%,reflecting most of the information of inflorescence phenotypic traits in Macadamia spp.germplasm.4)Cluster analysis divided the germplasm resources into four groups when the genetic distance was 15.5)Based on the weight of principal component contribution rate,a comprehensive evaluation function was constructed by fuzzy membership function:F=0.356F_(1)+0.213F_(2)+0.192F_(3)+0.129F_(4)+0.109F_(5).The comprehensive scores(F-value)of 91 Macadamia spp.germplasm resources ranged from 0.508 to 2.640,and the top five germplasm were D4,HAES695,YN55,Guang9,and YN68.[Conclusion]The inflorescence phenotypes of Macadamia spp.germplasm resources show rich genetic diversity.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits,five individual plant resources with better traits are selected.