面向双碳目标的“位置公平”用户侧碳责任分摊方法研究

Research on“Location-fair”Approach for User-side Carbon Responsibility Allocation in the Context of Dual Carbon Goals

在双碳目标的背景下,公平分摊电力系统各参与主体碳责任,对实现电力系统低碳发展具有重要意义。从价值和收益对等原则考虑,不管所处电网位置如何,只要对于全社会碳减排有贡献就应该根据其贡献程度进行奖励,因此,该文提出一种“位置公平”的用户侧碳责任分摊方法。首先独立系统运营商(Independent System Operator,ISO)以发电成本最小化进行预出清,基于平均碳排放因子计算预出清各负荷碳责任,接着利用平均边际碳排放率对负荷侧碳责任进行调整核算,建立考虑碳责分摊的ISO-负荷侧需求响应双层优化模型。通过算例分析与碳流理论碳责任分摊方法进行对比,结果显示所提方法能够在需求响应前后公平合理地计量各节点负荷碳排放责任,有效促进电力系统源荷互动减碳,降低整体碳排放,验证了所提方法的有效性与优越性。

In the context of dual carbon goals,fair allocation of carbon responsibilities within the power system is crucial for achieving low-carbon development.Considering the principles of value and benefit equivalence,regardless of grid locations,entities contributing to overall societal carbon reduction should be rewarded based on their contribution level.This paper proposes a“location-fair”approach for user-side carbon responsibility allocation.Initially,the pre-clearing is conducted by ISO to minimize generation cost,and the carbon responsibility of each load is calculated based on the average carbon emission factor.Subsequently,the average marginal carbon emission rate adjusts the load-side carbon responsibilities,establishing a double-layer optimization model of ISO-load demand response considering carbon responsibility allocation.Through case studies and a comparison with the carbon responsibility allocation method based on carbon flow theory,the results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately and fairly quantify carbon emission responsibilities for each node load before and after demand response.This approach effectively promotes source-load interaction for carbon reduction,leading to an overall reduction in carbon emissions.The validity and superiority of the proposed method are thus verified.