基于生态系统服务价值的浑河-太子河流域生态承载力分析

Evolution of Ecological Carrying Capacity in the Hunhe-Taizi River Basin Based on the Value of Ecosystem Services

探究流域生态承载力变化是协调人类活动与资源压力、经济增长与生态保护、人地和谐与可持续发展的关键,可为城市群流域生态系统服务与生物资源生态承载力评估提供参考。基于遥感和统计数据,分析了辽宁中部城市群所在的浑河-太子河流域1990-2018年长时间序列的土地利用变化,并以居民消费指数(CPI)和粮食产量修正的生态系统服务价值当量为基础,以生态足迹模型为框架,研究浑太流域生态服务价值与具有生态服务功能的森林、草地、农田、水生态系统的生物资源生态承载力变化。结果显示,林地和耕地为浑河-太子河流域主要用地类型,二者主要呈东西分布,1990-2018年建设用地增加最多,面积达11.97×10^(4)hm^(2),主要由耕地和林地转入。浑太流域1990年、2000年、2010年、2018年的生态系统服务价值(ESV)分别为1117.04×10^(8)、653.35×10^(8)、1182.83×10^(8)、1215.34×10^(8)元,1990-2000年ESV总值下降最明显,达到了41.51%,2000-2010年涨幅最高,为81.05%,1990-2018年涨幅为8.80%,调节服务为流域主导功能。浑太流域生物资源生态承载力空间上大体呈东高西低分布,低值区域主要出现在城市群主城区;时间上总体稳定,1990年生物资源生态承载力最强,为281.20×10^(4) ghm^(2),生态赤字仅出现在2000年。研究表明,浑河-太子河流域生态系统服务功能对区域生态稳定有重要作用。

Rapid urban agglomeration has greatly increased ecological pressure on watersheds.To coordinate human activities and resource pressure,economic growth and ecological protection,and to realize human-land harmony and sustainable development,it is crucial to clarify the change in ecological carrying capacity of watersheds during urban agglomeration.In this investigation,urban agglomeration in the Hunhe-Taizi River basin of central Liaoning Province was selected for a case study,and we analyzed land use change from 1990 to 2018 based on remote sensing data and statistical data for the years 1990,2000,2010 and 2018.Furthermore,using the Consumer Price Index(CPI)and grain production-adjusted ecosystem service value equivalents as foundations,we explored the variations in ecological service values and the ecological carrying capacity of biological resources within the forest,grassland,farmland,and aquatic ecosystems that provide ecological services using the ecological footprint model.There were large changes in land use in the basin during the study period,with an evident increase in construction land,a decrease in cultivated land and grass land,and an initial decrease and then an increase in woodland.The woodland and cultivated land were the primary land use types,distributed in an east-west pattern in the basin.The significant increase of construction land area was mainly transferred from cultivated land and woodland,with an increase of 11.97×10^(4) hm^(2) from 1990 to 2018.The value of ecosystem services in Hunhe-Taizi River basin in 1990,2000,2010,and 2018 were respectively,1117.04×10^(8),653.35×10^(8),1182.83×10^(8),and 1215.34×10^(8) Yuan.The value of ecosystem services in the Hunhe-Taizi River basin decreased by 41.51%from 1990 to 2000 and increased by 81.05% from 2000 to 2010,with an overall increase of 8.80% from 1990 to 2018.Regulation service was the primary ecological service provided by the river basin.The spatial distribution of ecological carrying capacity of biological resources in Hunhe-Taizi River basin was high in the east and low in the west,with the low value area mainly in the urban area of the urban agglomeration.The ecological carrying capacity of biological resources was the strongest in 1990,with a value of 281.20×10^(4) ghm^(2),but an ecological deficit appeared in 2000.The above results indicate that the ecosystem service functions in Hunhe-Taizi River basin play an important role in ensuring regional ecosystem stability.