抗线粒体抗体阴性与阳性原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者临床特征比较

Clinical features of primary biliary cholangitis patients with negative or positive anti-mitochondrial antibody:A comparative study

目的对抗线粒体抗体(AMA)阴性与阳性原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者免疫与生化指标进行分析,比较其临床特征的差异。方法收集2013年1月—2022年12月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院的PBC患者的临床资料,分为AMA阴性组(139例,24.5%)及AMA阳性组(428例,75.5%),以年龄及性别为匹配因素,匹配容差设置为0.06,进行1∶1倾向性评分匹配,分析入院时肝功能、凝血、免疫等指标,同时分析治疗6个月的肝功能等指标变化及治疗6、12个月时对于熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)的应答情况。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果倾向性评分匹配后AMA阴性及AMA阳性PBC患者各139例。AMA阴性组与阳性组入院时比较:AMA阴性组DBil、球蛋白(Glo)低于AMA阳性组,Alb、白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)、前白蛋白(pre-A)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)高于AMA阳性组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。应用UDCA治疗6个月后,AMA阴性组与阳性组比较,Glo、pre-A水平差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。AMA阴性组与阳性组治疗6个月后pre-A较入院时均有上升,但上升程度不同,AMA阴性组上升更明显(U=41.00,P=0.015)。应用UDCA治疗6、12个月后,AMA阴性组和阳性组患者对UDCA治疗应答差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论在年龄及性别匹配条件下,AMA阴性PBC患者相对AMA阳性患者,肝脏炎症损伤程度轻,经UDCA治疗后炎症改善更明显,肝脏合成能力改善更明显,对于UDCA应答显现更佳趋势。

Objective To investigate the differences in clinical features between the primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)patients with negative or positive anti-mitochondrial antibody(AMA)by analyzing related immune and biochemical parameters.Methods This study was conducted among the patients who attended Beijing Ditan Hospital,Capital Medical University,from January 2013 to December 2022 and were diagnosed with PBC,and they were divided into AMA negative group with 139 patients(24.5%)and AMA positive group with 428 patients(75.5%).Propensity score matching at a ratio of 1∶1 was performed with age and sex as matching factors and a matching tolerance of 0.06.Liver function,coagulation,and immune parameters on admission were analyzed,as well as the changes in liver function and other indicators after 6 months of treatment and the response to ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)at 6 and 12 months of treatment.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.Results There were 139 AMA-negative PBC patients and 139 AMA-positive PBC patients after propensity score matching.Compared with the AMA positive group on admission,the AMA negative group had significantly lower levels of direct bilirubin and globulin(Glo)and significantly higher levels of albumin,albumin/globulin ratio,prealbumin,and fibrinogen(all P<0.05).After 6 months of UDCA treatment,there were significant differences in Glo and prealbumin between the AMA negative group and the AMA positive group(P<0.05).Both the AMA negative group and the AMA positive group had an increase in prealbumin after 6 months of treatment,and the AMA negative group had a significantly greater increase than the AMA positive group(U=41.00,P=0.015).After UDCA treatment for 6 and 12 months,there was no significant difference in treatment response to UDCA between the AMA negative group and the AMA positive group(all P>0.05).Conclusion After matching for age and sex,compared with the AMA-positive PBC patients,the AMA-negative PBC patients tend to have a milder degree of liver inflammation and damage,significantly greater improvements in inflammation and liver synthesis ability after UDCA treatment,and better response to UDCA.