“恤由之丧”与《士丧礼》的写定

On the Funeral of Zilu and the Writing of Shi Sangli

《礼记·杂记》“恤由之丧”一段文字,对于推溯《士丧礼》暨《仪礼》成书至关重要。自唐林宝以来,多将“恤由”解为人名,不可信据。实则“恤”即“恤礼”之“恤”,“由”即“仲由”之“由”。仲由(子路)死于卫国内乱,鲁哀公忧恤其丧亡,遂遣孺悲学士丧礼于孔子。子路身份为士,故孺悲衔命所学为士丧礼。子路死于鲁哀公十五年冬,先于孔子之卒三数月,而从孺悲学成复命到撰次成书,尚需较长一段时间,故“《士丧礼》于是乎书”,显系书于孔子去世以后。孔子既殁,七十子之徒渐次凋零,孔门后学忧惧礼典坠失,遂效孺悲之举,渐次写于竹帛。中经战国纷乱、嬴秦焚书,《仪礼》至汉仅传十七篇。

The funeral of a man named“You”or“Xuyou”mentioned in“Liji”is very important for tracing the formation of the text of“Shi Sangli”and even“Yili”.Since Lin Bao of the Tang Dynasty,“Xuyou”has been interpreted as a person's name,which is not credible.In fact,“Xu”is the“Xu”of“Xuli”,and“you”is the“you”of“Zhongyou”.Zhongyou,also known as Zilu,died in the civil strife in Wei.Duke Ai of Lu mourned Zilu‘s death,so he sent a man named Rubei to Confucius to study the funeral of the Shi class.Zilu died in the winter of the fifteenth year of Duke Ai of Lu,a few months before the death of Confucius.It should have taken a long time from Rubei's completion of learning to writing the learning content into a book.Therefore,Shi Sangli was obviously written after Confucius'death.Confucius died,and his 70 most famous students also died.Later followers were afraid that the ritual activities restored by Confucius would be lost,so they followed Ru Bei's practice and successively wrote them on bamboo and silk.After the chaos of the Warring States Period and the burning of books in the Qin Dynasty,only seventeen chapters were passed on to the Han Dynasty.