武汉市14种市售淡水鱼类中砷和汞的污染特征及膳食暴露风险评估

Pollution characteristics and dietary exposure risk assessment of arsenic and mercury in 14 kinds of freshwater fish sold in Wuhan

目的研究武汉市市售水产品中常见的14种淡水鱼类(草鱼、团头鲂、白鲢、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、翘嘴鲌、鲈鱼、鳜鱼、青鱼、乌鳢、胡子鲇、斑点叉尾鮰、黄颡鱼)背肌和腹肌中的重金属含量特征并评价其膳食暴露风险。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)对样品不同部位中的砷(As)、汞(Hg)两种重金属含量进行测定,通过单因子污染指数(single factor pollution index,Pi)评估了14种鱼类中As和Hg的污染水平、目标风险系数(target hazard quotients,THQ)评估了鱼类中的As和Hg对于成人、儿童的膳食暴露风险,并且对样品不同部位中As和Hg的含量进行了相关性分析。结果14种鱼类中,As在背肌和腹肌中的含量范围分别为0.002~0.312 mg/kg、0.001~0.440 mg/kg,Hg在背肌和腹肌中的含量范围分别为0.003~0.104 mg/kg、0.006~0.189 mg/kg。Pi测定结果显示,不同品种的水产品均具有一定程度的污染。通过计算THQ并综合考量无机As占总As的含量,所有样品的THQ值均小于1。依据相关性分析,发现在草鱼和胡子鲇的背肌中,As和Hg的含量具有显著相关性;在鲤鱼的腹肌中,As和Hg的含量具有相关性。结论本研究所采集的样品中,均未发现As和Hg超标,且样品内As和Hg污染均处于较低水平,长期食用这些鱼肉样品不会对人体健康造成潜在威胁。

Objective To study the characteristics of heavy metal content in the dorsal and abdominal muscles of 14 common freshwater fish species(including Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Megalobrama amblycephala,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Hypophthalmichthys nobilis,Carassius auratus,Cyprinus carpio,Culter alburnus,Lateolabrax japonicus,Siniperca chuatsi,Mylopharyngodon piceus,Channa argus,Clarias fuscus,Ictalurus punctatus and Tachysurus fulvidraco)in Wuhan’s commercially available aquatic products and evaluate their dietary exposure risks.Methods Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to determine the content of As and Hg in different parts of the sample.The single factor pollution index(Pi)was used to estimate the pollution level of As and Hg in 14 fish species,and the target hazard quotients(THQ)was used to evaluate the dietary exposure risk of As and Hg to adults and children,additionally,correlation analysis was conducted on the content of As and Hg in different parts.Results Among the 14 fish species,the content range of As in the dorsal muscle and ventral muscle were 0.002–0.312 mg/kg and 0.001–0.440 mg/kg,respectively.The content range of Hg in the dorsal muscle and ventral muscle were 0.003–0.104 mg/kg and 0.006–0.189 mg/kg,respectively.The single factor pollution index showed that different kinds of fish had a certain degree of contamination.By calculating the THQ and taking into account of the proportion of inorganic arsenic in total arsenic content,the THQ values of the sample were less than 1.According to correlation analysis,it was found that there was a significant correlation between the levels of As and Hg in the dorsal muscles of Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Clarias fuscus.There was a correlation between the levels of As and Hg in the ventral muscles of Cyprinus carpio.Conclusion The study founds that all samples have As and Hg levels within standard limits and shows relatively low pollution levels.Under long-term consumption,it will not cause significant harm to the human health with these fish consumption.