道路交通事故认定的多层次救济机制

Multi-tiered Relief Mechanism for the Identification of Road Traffic Accidents

道路交通事故认定书中的责任认定结论对当事人是否构成交通肇事罪,是否应当接受行政处罚,是否应当进行民事赔偿以及具体数额多少具有重要影响。目前由于相关法律法规将道路交通事故认定书归为“证据”,若对其认定结论不服只能向上一级公安交通管理部门申请复核,法院仅能从证据规则角度审查其是否具有相应证明效力。而在现实中,司法裁判对道路交通事故认定书中的事实陈述和责任判定具有较强依赖性,但因道路交通事故认定书不完全符合证据特征,所能适用的证据规则十分有限,导致法院提供的司法救济具有较大局限性,对当事人的权益保护非常不利。因此应准确把握道路交通事故认定书的实质内容,即道路交通事故认定行为的属性,明确其属于行政确认行为,并以此为理论基础,形成一套公安内部复核—行政复议—行政诉讼的全面多层次的独立救济机制,达到维护公平正义的目标。

The determination of liability in road traffic accident identification significantly impacts the assessment of whether the parties are liable for a traffic accident crime,should be subject to administrative penalties,or are obligated to provide civil compensation and its specific amount.Presently,due to legal constraints categorizing road traffic accident confirmation as"evidence,"if dissatisfied with the determination,only the higher-level public security traffic management department can request a review.The court is restricted to evaluating its evidentiary impact based on evidence rules.However,in practice,judicial adjudication heavily relies on factual statements and responsibility assessments in the road traffic accident confirmation process.As this process does not fully align with characteristics of evidence,there exist significant limitations within applicable evidence rules that result in restricted judicial relief provided by courts-this is detrimental to safeguarding the rights and interests of all involved parties.Therefore,it is imperative to accurately comprehend the nature of road traffic accident identification as an administrative confirmation procedure.Based on this understanding,a comprehensive and multi-tier independent relief mechanism involving internal review,administrative reconsideration,and administrative litigation within public security should be established to uphold fairness and justice.