贵州红托竹荪和冬荪的品质评价

Quality Evaluation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata and Phallus dongsun from Guizhou

为分析贵州红托竹荪和冬荪的品质差异,本研究采用营养成分精准定量方法分析了红托竹荪和冬荪的34种营养成分,并基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱的非靶向代谢组学技术比较了红托竹荪和冬荪的差异代谢物。结果表明,红托竹荪中L-麦角硫因、麦角甾醇、总膳食纤维、铁含量较高,其蛋白中必需氨基酸含量(342.2 mg/g)更接近联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织模式值;冬荪中可溶性糖、钙、蛋白质含量较高,其中检出的海藻糖、甘露醇、甘露糖、葡萄糖的总含量(450.8 mg/g)远高于红托竹荪(114.7 mg/g)。利用多元统计分析,从红托竹荪和冬荪代谢物中筛选出388个差异代谢物,主要包括脂质类化合物145个、氨基酸类化合物38个、糖类化合物17个。与红托竹荪相比,冬荪中有126个代谢物下调,262个代谢物上调,主要的差异代谢物是风味前体物质或风味物质,与红托竹荪和冬荪的风味密切相关。本研究较为系统地评价了红托竹荪和冬荪中营养成分和代谢物差异,可为红托竹荪和冬荪的品质分析及功能成分挖掘提供数据基础。

This study was carried out in order to investigate the differences in quality between Dictyophora rubrovolvata and Phallus dongsun from Guizhou.A total of 34 nutritional components in the two edible mushroom species were quantitatively analyzed,and differential metabolites between them were identified by non-targeted metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS).The results showed that the contents of L-ergothioneine,ergosterol,total dietary fiber and iron in D.rubrovolvata were higher,and the content of essential amino acids in proteins was 342.2 mg/g,which was closer to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization reference pattern.The contents of soluble sugars,calcium and protein in P.dongsun were higher,and the total content of four soluble sugars including trehalose,mannitol,mannose,and glucose in D.rubrovolvata(450.8 mg/g)was much higher than that in P.dongsun(114.7 mg/g).A total of 388 significantly differential metabolites were selected by multivariate statistical analysis,mainly including 145 lipids,38 amino acids and derivatives and 17 carbohydrates.Among these,126 metabolites were down-regulated and 262 metabolites were up-regulated in P.dongsun compared with those in D.rubrovolvata.Most of them were flavor precursors or flavor substances in D.rubrovolvata and P.dongsun,which were closely related to their flavor.The results of this study provide basic data for the quality evaluation and functional composition analysis of D.rubrovolvata and P.dongsun.