论马一浮的内圣外王思想与现代儒学的走向

Ma Yifu s View of“Neisheng Waiwang”and Trend of Modern Confucianism

马一浮全盘继承了传统儒学以“内圣外王”为其基本宗旨的理论传统。然而面对无论是在理论上还是实践中现代新儒学对“内圣外王”的追求所遭遇的巨大困难,马一浮以其对原始儒学的彻底回归,独树一帜地强调了以六艺之学为内圣外王之学的基本内涵,并以内圣涵摄外王,从而重建了以体认自性为中心的内圣外王之学。马一浮的这种内圣外王观不仅正好回避了现代新儒学所面临的从“老内圣”如何开出“新外王”的难题,为现代儒学的发展开辟了一条以精神境界的完满和超越为主要价值追求的未来走向,而且对于寻求一条中国式现代化如何融合中华优秀传统文化以实现真正的创造性转化和创新性发展的可行路径,具有重要的启示作用。

Ma Yifu completely inherits the traditional Confucian theoretical tradition that takes“Neisheng Waiwang”(“Inner moral cultivation/perfection,outer wise political action/kingliness”)as its basic purpose.However,modern neo-Confucianism is confronted with great difficulties in the pursuit of“Neisheng Waiwang”both in theory and in practice.Ma Yifu,with his complete return to the original Confucianism,inimitably emphasizes that the basic connotation of“Neisheng Waiwang”is the study of the Six Disciplines.By using“inner saintliness”to include“outer kingliness”,the theory of“Neisheng Waiwang”centered on self-awareness is reconstructed.Ma Yifu s view of“Neisheng Waiwang”not only subtly sidesteps the difficult problem of how to create“new outer kingliness”from“old inner saintliness”faced by modern neo-Confucianism,and opens up a future trend for the development of modern Confucianism with the perfection and transcendence of spiritual realm as the main value pursuit,but also has important enlightenment for seeking a feasible path of how to integrate Chinese excellent traditional culture with Chinese path to modernization,and achieve creative transformation and innovative development.