译者行为批评的国家视点

Translator Behavior Criticism:A State Perspective

“国家翻译实践”概念体系的提出为译者行为批评提供了“国家”视点。国家翻译实践是一国翻译实践史之主流,因此有必要从国家视点出发,对译者行为进行考察。本文通过对翻译史上玄奘译经等翻译实践的再检视发现,翻译可以上升为“国家行为”,既是语际实践,也是话语实践和政治实践。国家视点的译者主体可扩展为“国家—机构—译者共同体—个体译者”多位一体,译者属性与类型呈现出三维特征。国家视点的译者行为是以国家利益和国家价值的实现为导向的行为,个体译者行为与译者共同体行为的互动关系体现了“国家—共同体—个体译者”意志体间的密切联系。在文本、语言、行为和社会之外,引入国家视点,构建“语言—社会—国家”三维一体的译者行为批评模式,可为译者主体性研究和译者行为批评带来新启发,更好地实现国家翻译实践理论的批评功能。

The State Translation Program(STP)concept system provides a“state”perspective for translator behavior criticism.The STP represents the mainstream of translation history;therefore,exploring translator behavior criticism from the“state”perspective is both reasonable and necessary.Based on the re-examination of translation practices,including Xuanzang’s translation of Tao Te Ching,the study finds that translation can be regarded as a“state-initiating act”that encompasses not only an interlingual practice but also a discourse and political practice.The subject of translation behavior can be understood as an integration of state,translation institution,translator community,and individual translator,and the attributes and types of translators display“three-dimensional”characteristics.From a state perspective,the translator’s behavior is focused on the state’s interests;the interaction between the two categories of individual translator’s behavior and translator community behavior reflects the trinity of the state will,collective will,and individual will.The state perspective inspires translator behavior criticism to probe the interaction between language,society,and the state,giving full play to the critical function of the STP theory.