配施硅肥对稻飞虱取食量、田间种群数量及水稻产量的影响

Effects of silicon amendment on feeding amount,population of rice planthopper,and rice yield

为探明增施硅肥在水稻田稻飞虱绿色防控中的作用,本文采用室内蜜露测定、田间盆拍调查等方法研究了在广西代表性土壤条件下增施硅肥对稻飞虱蜜露量、田间种群数量及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens St l和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera Horváth在施硅量为15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)水稻上的平均蜜露量均显著低于不施硅对照。在水稻分蘖期,与不施硅对照相比,15 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理下两个试验点稻飞虱发生量均显著减少;45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理下宾阳试验点的稻飞虱发生量显著减少,而合浦试验点在水稻分蘖盛期稻飞虱发生量虽未显著减少,但水稻分蘖后期稻飞虱发生量极显著低于不施硅对照,减少了51.03%。在水稻灌浆期,与不施硅对照相比,宾阳试验点15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理稻飞虱的发生量均极显著减少,而合浦试验点稻飞虱发生量没有显著变化。15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理的稻谷千粒重均显著高于不施硅对照,产量比不施硅对照提高1.88%~9.05%。增施硅肥可明显降低水稻田稻飞虱的取食量和田间种群发生量,同时在一定程度上提高了稻谷产量,因此,水稻增施硅肥有助于广西稻飞虱的绿色防控。

In order to investigate the impact of silicon(Si)amendment in rice paddy on the green prevention and control of rice planthoppers the effects of Si amendment on feeding amounts,population of rice planthoppers,and rice yield under typical soil conditions in Guangxi were studied using the honeydew quantity detection and field investigation through basin-beating method.The results showed that the average honeydew secretion of rice planthoppers on rice treated with Si at 15 or 45 kg/hm^(2)was significantly lower than on untreated control rice.During the rice tillering stage,there was a significant decrease in the population of rice planthoppers at both experimental sites treated with Si at 15 kg/hm^(2).The population of rice planthoppers at the Binyang site was also significantly reduced when applied Si at 45 kg/hm^(2),although Hepu experimental site did not show significant reduction during the peak tillering stage.However,there was a extremely significant reduction(51.03%)in the occurrence of rice planthoppers during the late tillering stage.During the rice filling period,Si treatment at 15 and 45 kg/hm^(2)in Binyang significantly reduced the occurrence of rice planthoppers compared to the control,while the effect was not significant at the Hepu site.Additionally,the thousand grain weight of rice treated with Si at 15 kg/hm^(2)and 45 kg/hm^(2)was significantly higher than that of the control,resulting in yield increases ranging from 1.88%to 9.05%compared to the control.In conclusion,Si amendment to rice significantly reduced feeding and population of rice planthoppers in the field,and partly increased rice yield.Therefore,Si amendment is beneficial for the green prevention and control of rice planthoppers in Guangxi.