铁路动车组司机工作压力对不安全行为作用机理研究

Action mechanism of work stress of railway EMU drivers on unsafe behavior

铁路动车组司机是确保铁路行车安全的关键岗位,其工作压力极易造成不安全行为,从而引发铁路安全事故。为剖析铁路动车组司机工作压力对不安全行为的作用机理,提高铁路动车组司机不安全行为管理措施的科学性,基于文献分析与理论研究,引入情绪耗竭、心理脱离作为工作压力对不安全行为作用的中介变量,引入组织支持感作为调节变量,构建铁路动车组司机工作压力对不安全行为作用机理概念模型,借鉴成熟量表和专家咨询意见,针对5个变量形成22项测量题项,对铁路动车组司机开展问卷调研,通过实证研究探讨了铁路动车组司机工作压力对不安全行为的作用路径。研究结果表明:铁路动车组司机工作压力正向影响不安全行为、情绪耗竭,负向影响心理脱离,还可通过情绪耗竭、心理脱离中介作用于不安全行为,且工作压力对不安全行为的直接效应大于中介效应;心理脱离负向影响不安全行为和情绪耗竭,情绪耗竭正向影响不安全行为;组织支持感可削弱工作压力与不安全行为的直接关系,也可削弱工作压力与情绪耗竭的直接关系,对工作压力与不安全行为的调节作用更显著。研究成果为制定铁路动车组司机不安全行为干预策略、降低铁路人因安全事故发生率和提高铁路运输安全管理水平具有借鉴意义。

Railway EMU drivers are a key position in ensuring railway safety,and their work stress can easily lead to unsafe behavior,thereby causing railway safety accidents.In order to analyze the action mechanism of work stress on unsafe behavior of railway EMU drivers and improve the scientific management measures of unsafe behavior of railway EMU drivers,based on literature analysis and theoretical research,this paper introduced emotional exhaustion and psychological detachment as mediating variables for the effect of work stress on unsafe behavior,and introduced the perceived organizational support as the moderating variable,and constructd a conceptual model of the mechanism of the effect of work stress on unsafe behavior among railway EMU drivers.Drawing on mature scales and expert’s consultation opinions,this paper formed 22 measurement items for five variables,conducted questionnaire research on railway EMU drivers,and explored the effect of work stress on unsafe behavior of railway EMU drivers through empirical research.The results are drawn as follows.The work stress in railway EMU drivers positively can affect unsafe behavior,emotional exhaustion,and negatively affect psychological detachment.It can also mediate unsafe behavior through emotional exhaustion and psychological detachment,The direct effect of work stress on unsafe behavior is greater than the mediating effect.Psychological detachment negatively affects unsafe behavior and emotional exhaustion,and emotional exhaustion positively affects unsafe behavior.The perceived organizational support support attenuates the direct relationship between work stress and unsafe behavior,and also attenuates the direct relationship between work stress and emotional exhaustion,with more significant moderating effect on work stress and unsafe behavior.The research results are of reference significance for formulating the intervention strategies of unsafe behavior of railway EMU drivers,reducing the incidence of railway human accidents and improving the level of railway transportation safety management.