HATO机械感度和热感度的影响因素研究

Study on the Influencing Factors on Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Sensitivity of HATO

为了研究5,5'-联四唑-1,1'-二氧二羟铵(HATO)机械感度、热感度的影响因素,利用机械球磨法制备了4种不同粒度的HATO颗粒。利用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电子显微镜对HATO的粒度和表观形貌进行了表征;利用X射线衍射仪对HATO的晶体结构进行了表征;采用BAM撞击感度仪及BAM摩擦感度仪对不同粒度、不同温度HATO的撞击感度和摩擦感度进行了研究;采用差示扫描量热仪对不同粒度HATO的热分解情况进行了分析。结果表明:小粒度HATO的X射线衍射峰的位置与HATO原料的保持一致,证明小粒度HATO的晶体结构没有发生改变。随着粒度的减小,HATO的机械感度先升高、后降低。认为机械球磨法得到的小粒度HATO表面缺陷增多、结构完整性降低,受到外力作用时,样品内部的活性中心增多,提高了热点产生的概率。但随着粒度的进一步减小,HATO颗粒之间的孔穴及孔隙率也急剧减小,颗粒结构越来越密实,形状更加规则,减少了热点源和热点产生的机率。因此,当HATO粒度过小时,机械感度反而降低了。此外,随着温度的升高,HATO的机械感度增高,但撞击感度与摩擦感度随温度的变化规律并不相同。热感度方面,小颗粒HATO的起始分解温度提前,活化能减小,热稳定性降低。

In order to study the factors affecting the mechanical and thermal sensitivity of dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate(HATO),four kinds of HATO with different particle sizes were prepared using mechanical ball milling method.Particle size and apparent morphology of HATO were characterized using a laser particle size analyzer and a scanning electron microscope.Crystal structure of HATO was tested using an X-ray diffractometer.Impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of HATO with different particle sizes at different temperatures were studied using BAM impact sensitivity meter and BAM friction sensitivity meter.Thermal decomposition characteristics were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter.Results indicate that the crystal structure of HATO with small particle size has not changed.As the particle size decreases,mechanical sensitivity of HATO first increases and then decreases.HATO with small particle size obtained by mechanical milling method has more surface defects,and its structural integrity decreases.When subjected to external forces,the number of active centers inside the sample increases,which increases the probability of hot spot generation.Asthe particle size further decreases,the pores and porosity between HATO particles also sharply decrease,and the particle structure becomes denser and more regular in shape,reducing the probability of hot spot sources and hot spot generation.Therefore,when HATO particles are too small,the mechanical sensitivity actually decreases.In addition,as the temperature increases,mechanical sensitivity of HATO increases,but the changes in impact sensitivity and friction sen-sitivity with temperature are not the same.Initial decomposition temperature of HATO with small particle size is advanced,the activation energy decreases,and the thermal stability decreases.