基于地域空间构建中国传统风景园林体系

Constructing Traditional Chinese Landscape Architecture System Based on Regional Space

地域空间是传统风景园林形成的第一要素,也是风景园林学关注的基本点。当下中国风景园林学的视野与实践早已超越以往园林史的论述范畴,因此有必要回归初始,参照地理学概念,结合史学新理论,重新诠释历史中的风景园林。事实与文献表明,中国传统风景园林存在着三大体系,即农耕传统体系、游牧传统体系与高寒传统体系。每个体系都有着各自的环境认知、营造手法与游览方式,以及大、中、小3个尺度的空间形态。蒙元之后三大体系交流日趋频繁,各有取舍兴衰。以三体系三尺度的结构进行梳理,可以更全面地认知中国风景园林本质,支持学科建设与实践工作。

Regional space is the first element of the formation of traditional landscape architecture,and it is also the basic point of landscape architecture.The current vision and practice of landscape architecture in China has already exceeded the scope of the previous discussion of landscape architecture history,so it is necessary to return to the initial,refer to the concept of geography,combined with the new theory of history,and reinterpret the historical landscape architecture.Facts and literature show that there are three major systems in Chinese traditional landscape architecture,namely,farming tradition,nomadic tradition and alpine tradition.Each system has its own environmental cognition,construction methods and tour methods,as well as three scales of space form.After the Mongol Yuan,the three systems exchanged more and more frequently,and each had its own choices and rise and fall.With the structure of three systems and three scales,the nature of Chinese landscape architecture can be understood more comprehensively to support the discipline construction and practice.