近代中药毒性三级分法“大毒”“有毒”“小毒”概念浅析

Concept Analysis for Modern Grading of the Toxicity of Traditional Chinese Medicine

中药的毒性是中药药性理论的核心内容之一,古代中药毒性的含义较广,一是指药物的总称,二是指药物的偏性,三是指药物毒副作用,四是指药物作用的强弱。随着科学技术的发展,对中药研究不断深入,近现代中药毒性主要是指中药的毒副作用,历版《中国药典》、统编《中药学》教材对中药毒性有三级分法“大毒”“有毒”“小毒”,但是对三级分法“大毒”“有毒”“小毒”至今没有确切定义,笔者从2020版《中国药典》83味毒性中药的用法用量及赵学敏主编的《中药学》教材对近代中药毒性三级分法“大毒”“有毒”“小毒”进行了综合评价分析,对毒性中药“大毒”“有毒”“小毒”的概念做了梳理和定义。为中药毒性的理解和临床应用提供参考,无论从理论上还是从实践上都具有深远的现实意义。

Toxicity is one of the core contents of the theory of medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The toxicity of TCM in the ancient times has a broad meaning,referring to the general term,tropism,toxic and side effects,and effects of TCM.With the development of science and technology,the research on TCM keeps deepening.In modern times,the toxicity of TCM mainly refers to the toxic and side effects.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia of different editions and the textbook Chinese Material Medica grade the toxicity of TCM into three levels:severe toxicity,moderate toxicity,and mild toxicity,which,however,lack precise definitions.We comprehensively analyzed the usage and dosage of 83 toxic TCM in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the three-levelgrading of TCM toxicity in the textbook Chinese Material Medica written by Zhao Xuemin. On this basis,we proposed the definitions of severe toxicity, moderate toxicity, and mild toxicity of TCM. This articleis expected to provide reference for the understanding and clinical application of TCM toxicity and hasprofound significance in both theory and practice.