从私人到公共:波哥大城市公共空间更新设计的经验与启示

From Private to Public:Experiences and Implications for the Renewal Design of Urban Public Space in Bogota

公共空间是城市可持续发展的核心要素。然而,我国城市公共空间规划面积所占比例远低于国际标准,且不同城市公共空间品质发展差异巨大。以公共性为城市规划重心、市长的政治支持、管理机构的专门化和资金来源的多样化等因素共同促进了波哥大城市公共空间的快速发展。波哥大在城市公共空间更新中创新性开发了均衡网络型、混合枢纽型和教育场所型三种设计类型。根据圣维克多利诺广场、维尔吉利奥·巴尔科图书馆和百年纪念公园的具体案例可发现,波哥大城市公共空间在设计方案上注重形态空间、生活空间和意向空间上的多层次融合。有鉴于此,我国应当从扩大政策支持、下沉参与主体、依托当地特色、立足整体视角等方面助力城市公共空间发展。

Public space is a core element of sustainable urban development.However,the proportion of planned urban public space in China is far below international standards,and the development of public space quality varies greatly in different cities.The focus on publicness in urban planning,the political support of mayors,the specialization of management bodies and the diversification of funding sources have contributed to the rapid development of urban public space in Bogota.Bogota has innovatively developed three design types for the renewal of urban public spaces:equalizing networks,hybrid hub and educational spaces.Based on the specific cases of Plaza San Victorino,Biblioteca Virgilio Barco and Parque Bientenario,it can be found that urban public space should focus on the multi-level integration of morphological space,living space and intentional space in the design scheme.In view of this,China should help the development of urban public space by expanding policy support,enhancing grassroots public participation,relying on local characteristics,and basing on a holistic perspective.