企业R&D支出费用化资本化与会计盈余管理行为选择研究——基于中国部分上市公司的经验数据

Research on Capitalization of R&D Expenditure and Behavior Choice of Accounting Earnings Management—Based on the Empirical Data of Some Listed Companies in China

本文基于中国部分上市公司的数据,选取R&D支出全部费用化、全部资本化、部分资本化3个虚拟变量及R&D支出费用化金额、资本化金额用以表征R&D支出披露形式,研究上市公司R&D支出会计政策选择是否与盈余管理程度相关,进而检验R&D支出会计处理盈余管理路径,即检验R&D支出费用化、资本化的确定依据是否受其他非准则因素影响。研究结果显示,有条件资本化会计处理可能成为管理层盈余管理手段,包括应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理。在确定R&D支出费用化金额、资本化金额及R&D支出费用化强度上,管理层除了依据会计准则,还要依据当期利润情况、所得税负、利润质量、审计成本、利润平滑和公司独立性的影响。

Based on the data of some listed companies in China,this paper selects three dummy variables of R&D expenditure,fully expensed,fully capitalized and partially capitalized,as well as the amount of R&D expenditure expensed and capitalized,to represent the form of R&D expenditure disclosure,and studies whether the choice of accounting policy for R&D expenditure of listed companies is related to the degree of earnings management,to test the earnings management path of R&D expenditure accounting treatment,that is,to test whether the basis for determining the cost and capitalization of R&D expenditure is affected by other non-standard factors.The results show that conditional capitalized accounting may be a means of earnings management,including accrued earnings management and real earnings management.In determining the amount of R&D expenditure,capitalized amount and intensity of R&D expenditure,the management is not only based on accounting standards,but also based on the current profit situation,income tax burden,profit quality,audit cost,profit smoothing,corporate independence impact.