铝合金超疏水表面制备方法及防腐应用研究现状

Research Status of Preparation Methods and Anticorrosive Application of Aluminum Alloy Superhydrophobic Surfaces

受“荷叶效应”为代表的超疏水现象启发,几十年来,超疏水材料制备技术发展迅猛。铝合金有良好的铸造与塑性加工性能,是工业应用极广泛的材料之一,海洋、航空等特殊应用领域对铝合金表面性能提出更高要求,而超疏水材料具有耐腐蚀、自清洁、抗污染、防覆冰等优良特性。因此,对铝合金进行超疏水表面构筑,进一步提高其耐腐蚀性能具有重要现实意义。本文梳理了润湿性经典理论,然后对铝合金超疏水表面制备过程进行综述,接着对铝合金超疏水表面制备方法进行归纳,包含刻蚀法、电沉积法、氧化法及水热法等,在此基础上讨论了铝合金超疏水表面抗腐蚀机理及在耐腐蚀领域应用现状,最后提出铝合金超疏水表面从实验研究到实际生产应用过程所面临的现实问题,并提出系统建议与展望。

Inspired by the superhydrophobic phenomenon represented by the‘lotus leaf effect’,the technology of superhydrophobic material preparation has been developing rapidly for decades.Aluminum alloy has good casting and plastic processing properties,and is one of the most widely used materials in industrial applications.The performance of aluminum alloy surfaces in specific fields,such as marine and aviation,has higher requirements,and superhydrophobic surfaces have excellent characteristics such as corrosion resistance,self-cleaning ability,frost resistance.Therefore,it is of practical significance to construct superhydrophobic surfaces for aluminum alloys to further improve their corrosion resistance.In this paper,the classical theory of wettability is first reviewed,then the process of preparing the superhydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy is briefly introduced,then many methods of preparing the superhydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy are summarized and reviewed,including etching,electrodeposition,oxidation,and hydrothermal methods,etc.On this basis,the corrosion resistance mechanism of the superhydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy and its application in the field of corrosion resistance are discussed and studied,and the superhydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy is proposed.Finally,the practical problems faced by aluminum alloy superhydrophobic surfaces from experimental research to practical production applications are proposed,and systematic suggestions and prospects are proposed.