铁路5G-R基站智能天线技术分析

Technical Analysis of Intelligent Antenna for Railway 5G-R Base Station

目前我国铁路干线路网基本建成,基于铁路沿线GSM-R基站铁塔站点间距约3~7km,5G-R基站建设时将利用既有铁塔基础设施改造升级。2.1GHz频段4G、5G基站采用的主流天线是4T4R技术,在既有基站间距的情况下,5G-R基站小区边缘的覆盖能力不足,基站间距较大的站点之间需补充覆盖,或采用更高增益的8T8R天线解决小区的边缘覆盖问题,为此需要对8T8R天线的主要技术特点进行研究。首先,介绍包括多入多出、波束赋形、智能天线等天线关键技术;然后,深入分析8T8R天线波束性能及主要指标,包括单柱波束、广播波束、正交波束、波束宽度、旁瓣抑制等;最后,介绍5G-R无线覆盖的特点及8T8R测试情况。通过研究,为5G-R技术在铁路系统的快速开展应用提供技术参考。

China’s railway trunk line network has been essentially completed.Given that the spacing of GSM-R base station towers along railways is approximately 3-7km,5G-R base stations will be upgraded using existing tower infrastructure.The predominant antennas used in 4G and 5G base stations within the 2.1 GHz frequency band employ 4T4R technology.However,due to the current spacing of base stations,the edge coverage capabilities of 5G-R base stations are inadequate.Additional coverage is required between base stations with significant spacing,or higher-gain 8T8R antennas can be utilized to improve edge coverage.Therefore,it is essential to investigate the key technical features of 8T8R antennas.Firstly,this study introduces key antenna technologies,including MIMO,beamforming,and intelligent antennas.It then explores the beam performance and main indexes of 8T8R antennas,focusing on aspects such as single-beam,broadcast beam,orthogonal beam,beam width,and sidelobe suppression.Finally,it examines the characteristics of 5G-R wireless coverage and the testing status of 8T8R antennas.This study provides technical reference for the rapid deployment of 5G-R technology in railway systems.