简牍文献的病害类型及相应保护修复对策

Research on the types of diseases of bamboo and wooden slip manuscripts,and corresponding conservation and restoration measures

竹木简牍是纸张普遍使用以前中国古代文献的主要载体。由于地下埋藏环境复杂、竹木材质易朽、发掘过程及出土后人为因素的影响等,简牍往往带有较多病害。综合一线简牍保护实践、文献调研结果与对大量简牍实物的观摩,对简牍文献的病害类型进行了较为深入、全面、系统、准确地分析、梳理。简牍文献的病害可分为字迹模糊、软腐、蚀斑病、饱水、糟朽、酥粉、变色、变形、炭化等共计29种。文章还对各种病害类型相应的保护修复对策做了简要梳理。科学归纳总结简牍文献病害类型及相应保护修复措施,对于科学认识简牍保存状况,明确简牍保护修复的薄弱方向,推动出台专门针对简牍文物的病害分类及保护修复行业标准,进而制定更加合理的简牍保护修复方案,具有重要参考价值。

Bamboo and wooden slips were the main carriers of ancient Chinese literature before the widespread use of paper.Due to the complex underground burial environments vulnerability to decay of bamboo and wood materials,and human factors in the process of excavation and after excavation,bamboo and wooden slip manuscripts often have many diseases.Based on the practice of conserving bamboo and wooden slips on the front line,the results of literature research,and the observation of a large number of bamboo and wooden slips,more in-depth,comprehensive,systematic,and accurate analysis and sorting of the disease types of bamboo and wooden slip manuscripts were conducted for the first time.The diseases of bamboo and wooden slip manuscripts can be divided into a total of 29 types,including blurred handwriting,soft rot,plaque,water logging,decay,crispy powder,discoloration,deformation,carbonization,etc.A brief summary was also made on the corresponding conservation measures for various types of diseases.Scientifically summarizing the types of diseases in bamboo and wooden slip manuscripts and the corresponding conservation measures has important reference value for understanding the preservation status of bamboo and wooden slips in a scientific way,clarifying the weak aspects of bamboo and wooden slip conservation,promoting the introduction of specialized disease classification and conservation industry standards for bamboo and wooden slips,and thus developing better conservation plans for bamboo and wooden slips.