近岸旅游型海岛韧性评价体系构建及空间要素影响机制研究

Construction of a resilience evaluation system for near-shore tourism islands and research on the influence mechanism of spatial elements

随着对海岛开发建设活动逐渐增加,我国部分近岸旅游型海岛规划呈现出缺乏科学指导的低效盲目开发局面,严重影响海岛的可持续发展。此外,传统陆地的韧性量化研究在近岸旅游型海岛存在不适用性,海岛空间要素对韧性的影响机制亦尚不明晰。本文通过总结国内外使用的韧性评价指标,结合旅游型海岛空间布局的量化测度研究及其特殊性,从承载力、适应力和恢复力三个韧性侧重维度,构建了适用于近岸旅游型海岛的韧性评价指标体系。通过研究分析明确了影响近岸旅游型海岛韧性的三个关键空间要素,分别为功能混合度、路网连通度和核心组团布局。本文选取12个典型海岛作为实证对象,基于多源数据计算海岛韧性水平,探究三个关键空间要素对韧性的影响机制。结果表明:(1)中等功能混合度、高路网连通度、海岛核心组团布局位于海岛几何中心三种空间布局状况下海岛韧性最高。(2)功能混合度的变化主要影响适应力和承载力两个维度,且对适应力的影响程度更强;路网连通度的变化主要影响恢复力、承载力和适应力三个维度,且对恢复力的影响程度更强;核心组团布局的变化主要影响承载力和恢复力两个维度,且对承载力的影响更强。

With intensifying island development and construction,the planning of some of China's nearshore tourist islands has been characterized by inefficient and blind development that lacks scientific guidance,seriously affecting the sustainable development of the islands.Besides,conventional land-based resilience quantitative studies are inapplicable to islands geared towards tourism,and the exact mechanisms by which island spatial aspects influence this resilience remain ambiguous.This paper summarizes the resilience assessment indices employed domestically and internationally,combines the quantitative measurement research on the spatial layout of tourist islands and its special characteristics,and develops a resilience evaluation index system for these islands from three resilience-focused dimensions,namely,carrying capacity,adaptive capacity and resilience.Three key spatial elements affecting the resilience of near-shore tourism islands are clarified through the research and analysis:the extent of functional intermingling,the level of road network interconnectivity,and the arrangement of key groups as determined by research and analysis.This document chooses 12 standard islands for empirical study,and the resilience of these islands is calculated based on multi-source data to explore the influence mechanism of the three key spatial elements on the resilience.The results show that:(1)the island's greatest resilience is found in three spatial arrangement scenarios:moderate functional mixing degree,extensive road network interconnectivity,and the central island group configuration.(2)Alterations in the extent of functional integration mainly affect resilience and carrying capacity,exerting a more pronounced effect on resilience;modifications in road network interconnectivity primarily impact resilience,carrying capacity,and adaptability dimensions,with a more pronounced effect on resilience;shifts in the core group's structure primarily influence the dimensions of carrying capacity and resilience,exerting a more significant effect on carrying capacity.