《后汉书·乌桓鲜卑列传》与王沈《魏书》所载乌桓、鲜卑史料对比研究

A Comparative Study on the Historical Materials of Wuhuan and Xianbei in Wang Shen′s Book of Wei and the Biographies of Wuhuan and Xianbei in the Book of Later Han

将《后汉书·乌桓鲜卑列传》与王沈《魏书》所载乌桓、鲜卑史料进行细致对比可以发现,二者虽然有一些相同之处,但在具体细节和详略程度上仍有不少差距。因此,不能仅因成书时间即断定前者完全抄录自后者。成书于刘宋时期的《后汉书·乌桓鲜卑列传》主要参考《东观汉记》中对乌桓、鲜卑的记载,其无疑是研究汉代乌桓与鲜卑历史最重要的专传,尤其是对东汉中后期及之前乌桓、鲜卑的记载更具价值。对王沈《魏书》中所载乌桓、鲜卑史料应一分为二看待。王沈《魏书》对东汉中后期以前乌桓、鲜卑的记载史料价值较低,而与曹魏相关的乌桓、鲜卑史料则价值较高,后者也基本被陈寿《三国志·乌丸鲜卑东夷传》采纳。

By carefully comparing the historical materials of Wuhuan and Xianbei recorded in the Biographies of Wuhuan and Xianbei in the Book of Later Han and Wang Shen′s Book of Wei,it can be found that although there are some similarities between the two,there are still many differences in specific details and degree of detail.Therefore,it cannot be concluded solely based on the time of completion that the former was completely copied from the latter.The Biographies of Wuhuan and Xianbei in the Book of Later Han,which was written during the Liu Song Dynasty,mainly draws on the records of Wuhuan and Xianbei in the Dongguan Hanji.It is undoubtedly the most important specialized biography for studying the history of Wuhuan and Xianbei in the Han Dynasty,especially in the middle and late periods of the Eastern Han Dynasty and before.However,the historical records of Wuhuan and Xianbei recorded in Wang Shen′s Book of Wei should be viewed in two parts.Wang Shen′s Book of Wei has relatively low historical value in recording the Wuhuan and Xianbei before the mid and late Eastern Han Dynasty,while the historical events related to Cao Wei have higher value.The latter have also been basically adopted by Chen Shou′s Records of the Three Kingdoms:the Biography of Wuwuan,Xianbei and Dongyi.