论唯物史观中的精神生产源起问题

On the Origin of Spiritual Production in Historical Materialism

唯物史观通过阐释人类社会生产劳动发展历程,科学地揭示了物质生产和精神生产之间的辩证关系。精神生产是建立在人类脑力劳动创造基础之上并表现出各种精神性价值的活动。从本质特征来看,早期人类社会的精神活动只是作为精神性因素混沌统一在生产劳动之中,其产生的各种观念只能属于劳动意识的范畴,并与直接追求物质利益的目的紧密关联。从历史发展来看,早期精神生产的产生历程蕴含在生产工具的制造和使用过程之中,其发展往往通过宗教祭祀体现并笼罩着巫术氛围。随着社会分工的不断扩大,精神生产以它和物质生产相分离为标志而展现出独立形态,并随着物质生产分工(阶级分化)程度的加深而不断壮大。为了坚持唯物史观,并回应对精神生产源起问题的质疑,人们应该明确早期人类社会精神生产与同时期的物质生产之间比较难以识别区分。尽管精神生产总是将各种超越性的特征和价值展现出来,但无论如何物质生产始终是精神生产的生成基础和现实前提。

Historical materialism scientifically reveals the dialectical relationship between material production and spiritual production by explaining the development process of social production of human being.Spiritual production is an activity that is built on the foundation of human mental labor and exhibits various spiritual values.From the perspective of essential characteristics,the spiritual activities of early human society were only chaotic and unified as spiritual factors in productive labor,and the various concepts they produced could only belong to the category of labor consciousness and were closely related to the direct pursuit of material interests.From the perspective of historical development,the emergence of early spiritual production was integrated into the manufacturing and the use of production tools,and its development was often reflected through religious rituals and shrouded in a magical atmosphere.With the continuous expansion of social division of labor,the independent form of spiritual production is marked by its separation from material production,and its own growth is closely related to the degree of division of labor(class differentiation)in material production.In order to adhere to the historical materialism and respond to the questioning of the origin of spiritual production,people should clarify that it is difficult to distinguish between early human society's spiritual production and contemporary material production.Although spiritual production always presents various transcendent characteristics and values,material production remains the foundation and practical prerequisite for the generation of spiritual production.