霍霍巴油的研究进展及其应用前景

The formation,use and prospect of jojoba oil

霍霍巴(jojoba,Simmondsia chinensis)是一种特色的油料植物,由于其种子中富含液体蜡酯而受到全世界的关注。霍霍巴种子含油量约占种子干重的60%,其中液体蜡酯占总油脂的95%以上。液体蜡酯具有良好的抗氧化、耐高温及高绝缘等特性,在化妆品、医药工业和润滑剂等领域具有广泛的应用价值。前期,本实验室的研究表明霍霍巴种子中脂酰辅酶A还原酶(fatty acyl-CoA reductase,FAR)和蜡酯合酶(wax synthase,WS)是液体蜡酯合成的关键酶,而霍霍巴种子子叶中高表达的WS及极低表达的二酰甘油酰基转移酶(diacylglycerol acyltransferase,DGAT)则是霍霍巴种子可以大量积累液体蜡酯的主要原因。霍霍巴种子中WS主要以C20:1-C22:1的脂肪醇和脂肪酸为底物合成C42-C44的液体蜡酯。高芥酸油菜籽中含有丰富的C22:1,是霍霍巴油异源生物合成的优良受体材料。本文系统讲述了霍霍巴油的研究进展及其应用前景,结合霍霍巴油生物合成途径及WS的底物偏好性,提出利用生物技术在高芥酸油菜籽中合成霍霍巴油的设想,为霍霍巴油的产业发展提供参考。

Jojoba(Simmondsia chinensis)is a unique oil plant that has attracted worldwide attention due to its high content of liquid wax esters in its seeds.The oil content of jojoba seeds accounts for approximately 60%of the dry weight of the seeds,with liquid wax esters accounting for over 95%of the total oil content.Liquid wax esters have excellent properties such as oxidation resistance,high temperature resistance,and high insulation,making them widely applicable in fields such as cosmetics,pharmaceutical industry,and lubricants.In the early stage,our research showed that fatty acyl CoA reductase(FAR)and wax synthase(WS)in jojoba seeds are key enzymes for liq-uid wax ester synthesis,while the high expression of WS and extremely low expression of diacylglycerol acyltransfer-ase(DGAT)in jojoba seeds cotyledon are the main reasons why jojoba seeds can accumulate a large amount of liq-uid wax esters.The WS in jojoba seeds mainly synthesizes liquid wax esters of C42-C44 using C20:1-C22:1 fatty alcohols and fatty acids as substrates.High erucic acid rapeseed contains abundant C22:1,making it an excellent re-ceptor material for heterologous biosynthesis of jojoba oil.This article systematically describes the research progress and application prospects of jojoba oil.Combining the biosynthetic pathway of jojoba oil and the substrate prefer-ence of WS,it proposes the idea of using biotechnology to synthesize jojoba oil in high erucic acid rapeseed,provid-ing reference for the industrial development of jojoba oil.