海洋观视角下海洋城市发展的历史回顾与国际比较

Historical Review and International Comparison of Maritime City Development from the Perspective of Maritime Ideology

海洋观是人类在生产生活中对海洋的总体认识,随着海洋科技与国际关系发展而持续演变,为厘清不同历史时期海洋城市的差异特征提供了重要的研究视角。基于文献综述与类型归纳相结合的方法,重点关注海洋观变迁下全球典型海洋城市发展的空间演变与发展趋势。研究发现,在殖民、后殖民、全球化海洋观演变过程中,海洋城市职能从早期的贸易型逐渐转变为产业型与服务型,其战略属性主要体现为在全球、区域与国家多维空间尺度下的连通性、撬动性与支撑性。应充分发挥海洋城市战略属性,面向世界级海洋城市群开展现代海洋城市建设。

The maritime ideology is humankind's overall understanding of the oceans in production and life,reflecting how societies develop and use maritime resources.It is the ideological guidance for formulating maritime development strategies and constructing maritime cities in countries around the world.To better facilitate the development of modern maritime cities,it is essential to clarify the conceptual connotations,development strategies,and model evolution of maritime cities throughout history.Specifically,it has to determine the influences of variation of maritime ideology on the development of maritime cities from perspectives of geographical relationships,politics,economy,and technologies in different stages.As humankind's overall understanding of the oceans in production and life,the maritime ideology reflects how society develops and uses maritime resources.It is the guideline for forming maritime development strategies and constructing maritime cities in countries around the world.Hence,the perspective based on maritime ideology changes is conducive to understanding and recognizing the development connotations of maritime cities.In this context,the conceptual connotations of modern maritime cities were analyzed by combining a literature review and a summary of space types.Moreover,major development stages of typical classical maritime cities in the world—such as London,Rotterdam,New York,and Singapore—were recognized based on the perspective of changes in maritime ideology.Moreover,spatial evolution laws and development trends of maritime cities were elaborated thoroughly.This study finds that as hubs of high concentration and flow of maritime economy,culture,and social elements,maritime cities are the spatial carrier of the maritime ideology and present changes in trade mode,industrial mode,and service mode during the evolution of maritime ideology in colonization,post-colonization,and economic globalization.Traditional maritime cities mainly focus on meeting the basic needs of shipping,industry,and local cities.Modern maritime cities have to face fiercer global maritime competition and cope with more differential,professional,and tough urban construction requirements.Hence,modern maritime cities are a multi-dimensional spatial system with mutual influences and coexistence of connectivity,support,and levering formed by"port-city-hinterland."Combining with a historical review,China's construction of modern maritime cities shall adhere to the connection strategy dominated by land-sea overall planning,the support strategy dominated by the new productivity development,and the development path that combines with a levering strategy dominated by the cross-border collaboration in the new era emphasizing the maritime community with a shared future.This can better facilitate the construction and formation of world-level maritime city clusters.