Piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects on sonodynamic disease therapy

With the development of engineered nanomaterials and nanomedicines,uti-lization of nanomaterials to generate excessive reactive oxygen species underexogenous ultrasound(US)irradiation for realizing disease therapy,namelysonodynamic therapy(SDT),has attracted widespread attention.Comparedwith traditional photodynamic therapy,US shows deeper tissue penetration toreach deep-seated location.However,the development of high-efficiencysonosensitizers remains one of the gravest challenges in current relatedresearch and future clinical application.Latterly,benefiting from the piezo-tronic and piezo-phototronic effects,novel sonosensitizers based on piezo-electric semiconductor(PS)nanomaterials have exhibited inspiring applicationprospects in SDT.In this review,we outline the structures and physico-chemical properties of PS nanomaterials that has potential applications inSDT,and introduce the presumed mechanisms of PS nanomaterials in SDT.Then,the latest research progress of PS nanomaterials as sonosensitizers incancer therapy and antibacterial applications are summarized.Finally,theexisting challenges and future development trends in this field are prospected.