安徽省薄壳山核桃产地有机磷和拟除虫菊酯农药残留及风险评估

Residue level and risk assessment of organophosphate pesticides and pyrethroids in Carya illinoensis and soil from Anhui province

【目的】调查安徽省薄壳山核桃主产区土壤和果实中有机磷农药和拟除虫菊酯农药残留情况,评估土壤和果实中农药残留风险。【方法】采集安徽省薄壳山核桃主产区土壤和果实样品各13份,分析6种有机磷农药和4种拟除虫菊酯农药的残留,采用风险熵值评估土壤中农药残留的生态风险,采用健康风险评估模型计算果实中农药残留的人体摄入健康风险。【结果】所有土壤样品中均有农药检出,检出浓度范围为n.d.~195.1μg·kg^(-1)(n.d.表示未检出),氯氰菊酯(n.d.~195.1μg·kg^(-1))和甲氰菊酯(n.d.~90.61μg·kg^(-1))检出浓度最高,对硫磷在土壤中检出率为100%,单个土壤样品中最多检出6种农药;果实中仅有一个样品中未检出农药,其他样品中农药检出范围为n.d.~156.3μg·kg^(-1),甲氰菊酯(n.d.~156.3μg·kg^(-1))和氯氰菊酯(n.d.~29.42μg·kg^(-1))检出浓度最高,甲氰菊酯的检出率最高(69.23%),单个果实样品中最多检出4种农药,果实中农药残留浓度均未超过国家标准规定的限量值。土壤中所有农药残留的生态风险介于中等风险和高风险之间,RQ:0.16~2.48(RQ表示生态风险总和)。10种农药的人体健康风险值均小于1,成人摄入果实的健康风险高于儿童。【结论】安徽省薄壳山核桃主产区土壤和果实中存在一定程度的农药残留,土壤中的农药残留存在一定的生态风险,果实中的农药残留不会对人体产生健康风险,研究结果可为安徽省薄壳山核桃的食品安全监管提供参考。

【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the presence of residues from organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroids in soil and fruits in the primary Carya illinoensis production areas of Anhui province,and to assess the risk associated with these residues.【Method】13 soil and fruit samples were gathered from the main C.illinoensis production area in Anhui province for analysis of residues of six organophosphorus pesticides and four pyrethroids.Ecological risks of pesticide residues in the soil were assessed using the risk quotient method,while a health index method was utilized to determine the health risks posed by pesticide residues in fruits.【Result】Pesticides were present in all soil samples,with concentrations ranging from n.d.-195.13μg·kg^(-1)(n.d.indicates undetected).The highest concentrations were found for cypermethrin(n.d.-195.1μg·kg^(-1))and cypermethrin(n.d.-90.61μg·kg^(-1)).Parathion was detected in all soil samples at a rate of 100%,with a maximum of six pesticides found in a single soil sample.Only one fruit sample tested negative for pesticides,while agricultural drug levels in other samples ranged from n.d.-156.3μg·kg^(-1),with the highest concentrations of cypermethrin(n.d.-156.3μg·kg^(-1))and cypermethrin(n.d.-29.42μg·kg^(-1)).The detection rate for cypermethrin was the highest at 69.23%,with a maximum of four pesticides found in a single fruit sample.However,none of the concentrations of pesticide residues in the fruits exceeded the maximum residue levels set by China.Ecological risks from all pesticide residues in the soil varied between moderate and high risk levels,ΣRQ:0.16-2.48(ΣRQ represents the sum of ecological risks).The health risk values associated with ten pesticides were below 1,indicating that the health risk for adults consuming fruit was higher than that for children.【Conclusion】Pesticide residues are present to a certain extent in the soil and nut of C.illinoensis in the main producing areas of Anhui province,and while pesticide residues in the soil pose some ecological risks,pesticide residues in the nut pose no health risks to humans.This study can be used as a reference for food safety supervision of C.illinoensis in Anhui province.