福建民族传统体育项目泉州刣狮的田野调查研究

Fieldwork Research on the Fujian Traditional Ethnic Sports Event"Quanzhou Zhong-Lion"

该文以南安朴里和石狮卢厝作为田野点,针对福建民族传统体育项目泉州刣狮开展了田野调查。结果表明:泉州刣狮师承少林武术,与闽南地区少林武术的兴盛、乡民自主抗击倭寇的社会背景有着深厚的历史渊源。泉州刣狮的服饰道具极具特色,服饰为简洁干练的武术服装,狮子道具由竹皮、铝线、绒线和苧麻布等扎制而成,分为文狮和武狮两种,器械则为传统器械(刀枪、剑、戟、棍棒等)和各种源于日常生活的器具(扁担、鱼叉、锄头、板凳等)两类。泉州刣狮的表演形式分为排阵、弄狮、刣狮3个环节,模仿真实的战斗场面,侧重凸显团结起来协同杀敌的特征。

The article conducts a fieldwork research on Quanzhou Zhong-Lion at the field sites of Nan'an Puli and Shilu Lucuo.The findings indicate that:Quanzhou Zhong-Lion originates from Shaolin Wushu and has a profound historical connection with the prosperity of Shaolin Wushu in southern Fujian and the social background of villagers'independent resistance against Japanese pirates.The costumes and props of Quanzhou Zhong-Lion are highly distinctive.The clothing is simple and capable Wushu attire.The"lions"are made of bamboo skin,aluminum wire,woolen yarn,and ramie cloth,classified into literary lions and martial lions.The weapons are divided into two categories:traditional instruments(knives,guns,swords,halberds,sticks,etc.)and various everyday utensils(poles,harpoons,hoes,benches,etc.).The performance format of Quanzhou Zhong-Lion is divided into three segments:formation,lion dancing,and lion fighting.It imitates real combat scenes and focuses on highlighting the characteristics of unity and collaborative killing of enemies.