山西省玉米鞘腐病菌的鉴定及生物学特性分析

Identification and Biological Characterization of Corn Sheath Rot Pathogens in Shanxi Province

玉米鞘腐病是近年来山西省玉米(Zea mays L.)生产上普遍发生的一种病害,给玉米产量造成了巨大的损失。为了明确山西省玉米鞘腐病的致病镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.)的种类及其优势病原菌,本研究采用组织分离法对感病玉米叶鞘进行分离,根据形态学鉴定及分子生物学鉴定方法,确定了致病镰孢菌的种类,并对其优势病原菌的生物学特性进行了研究。结果显示,致病镰孢菌包括拟轮枝镰孢菌(F. verticillioides)、层出镰孢菌(F. proliferatum)、禾谷镰孢菌(F. graminearum)和亚粘团镰孢菌(F. subglutinans),优势病原菌为拟轮枝镰孢菌。拟轮枝镰孢菌菌株TG-3.1的最适培养条件为:培养基为查氏培养基,碳源为牛肉膏,氮源为蛋白胨和硝酸铵,金属离子为锌离子,温度为28℃,24 h连续光照,pH值为6。本文明确了山西省玉米鞘腐病的致病菌种类,分析了优势病原菌生长的最适条件,为该病害的综合防控提供了理论依据。

In recent years,corn sheath rot has become a prevalent disease in Shanxi province,resulting in significant losses in corn production.To reveal the pathogenic Fusarium species and the dominant pathogen in Shanxi,the tissue isolation method was applied to isolated strains from infected corn leaf sheaths,and morphological identification methods and molecular biological methods were applied to identify the isolated strains.Furthermore,the biological characteristics of the dominant pathogen were studied.The results showed that four Fusarium species,namely F.verticillioides,F.proliferatum,F.graminearum,and F.subglutinans,were found to be the pathogens of corn sheath rot in Shanxi province,with F.verticillioides being the dominant pathogen.The optimal growth conditions for the F.verticillioides TG-3.1 were as follows:the optimal growth medium was czapek’s medium,the most suitable carbon source was beef extract,while peptone and ammonium nitrate were identified as the most suitable nitrogen sources,and zinc ion was determined to be the suitable metal ion.Strain TG-3.1 exhibited rapid growth at 28℃,under continuous lighting of 24 h,with a pH value of 6.In this study,the pathogenic Fusarium species of corn sheath rot in Shanxi province were identified,and the optimal nutrients and culture conditions of the dominant pathogen were investigated,which provides a theoretical basis for the effective integrated control of this disease.