黑色素瘤缺乏因子2炎症小体在牙周炎及糖尿病中的研究进展

Research progress of absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome in periodontitis and diabetes

黑色素瘤缺乏因子2(AIM2)炎症小体是由AIM2、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白及半胱天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶1组成的大分子蛋白质复合物,活化后可释放白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-18等促炎细胞因子并诱导焦亡,在炎症性疾病的发生发展过程中有重要作用。目前的研究表明AIM2炎症小体的激活参与了牙周炎的发展,还可以直接或间接影响胰岛素信号通路的传导,从而参与糖尿病的发生发展。牙周炎与糖尿病互为双向关系,AIM2作为DNA传感器在牙周炎和糖尿病发生发展中所扮演的角色已经引起广泛关注。本文重点综述了AIM2炎症小体在两种疾病中的相关研究,并对AIM2炎症小体在两种疾病双向关系中的潜在机制进行探讨,为后续牙周炎和糖尿病的发病机制研究提供基础。

The absent in melanoma 2(AIM2)inflammasome is a large molecular protein complex composed of AIM2,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC),and cysteine-containing aspar-tate-specific protease-1(Caspase-1).Upon activation,it can release pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18),as well as induce pyroptosis(a programmed cell death),thus playing a key role in the inflammatory response process.Inflammasome activation is also critical in the development of chronic inflammatory dis-eases.In recent years,the role of AIM2 as a DNA sensor in the development of periodontitis and diabetes has attracted ex-tensive attention.Many studies have shown that the activation of AIM2 inflammasome is involved in the development of periodontitis.Some scholars have also reported that the activation of AIM2 inflammasome can directly or indirectly affect the conduction of the insulin signaling pathways,thereby participating in the occurrence and development of diabetes.While extensive research has established the bidirection-al relationship between periodontitis and diabetes,there remains a paucity of knowledge regarding the potential impact of AIM2 inflammasome activation in the recipro-cal association.This article focuses on related studies on AIM2 inflammasome in the two diseases and explores its potential mechanism in the bidirectional relationship,thus laying the foundation for subsequent research on the pathogenesis of periodontitis and diabetes.