276份中亚大麦种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits of 276 Central Asian barley germplasm resources

【目的】分析引进中亚大麦种质资源遗传多样性,提高大麦种质资源利用效率,为我国新疆大麦品种选育和品种改良提供参考依据。【方法】以引进于塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、哈萨克斯坦的276份大麦种质资源为材料,对其幼苗生长习性、分蘖力、穗密度、芒性、侧小穗、穗轴茸毛、棱型、株高、穗长、单株穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重等12个主要农艺性状,分析与评价水分、粗蛋白、粗纤维以及粗淀粉等4个品质性状的遗传多样性,采用聚类分析对株高、穗长、单株穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重等5个数量性状和4个品质性状。【结果】7个质量性状的遗传多样性指数变幅为0.39~0.79,遗传多样性指数变异幅度最高的是幼苗生长习性;5个数量性状的遗传多样性指数变幅为1.57~2.03,变异系数为0.75%~4.26%,变异范围较小。【结论】基于数量性状和品质性状聚类分析将276份中亚大麦种质资源材料分成4大类群,获得2份优异大麦品种资源,分别为2013-7-DM073和吉引2013-7-DM-105。

【Objective】To study the genetic diversity of barley germplasm resources,improve the utilization efficiency of barley germplasm resources,and provide reference for the breeding and improvement of barley varieties in Xinjiang.【Methods】276 barley germplasm resources from Tajikistan,Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan were used as materials in this study.The genetic diversity of 12 main agronomic traits(growth habit,tillering ability,spike density,awniness,lateral spikelet,spike hairs,edge type,plant height,spike length,spike number per plant,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight)and 4 quality traits(water,crude protein,crude fiber and crude starch)were analyzed and evaluated.Five quantitative characters and four quality characters,including plant height,spike length,spike number per plant,grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight,were analyzed by cluster analysis.【Results】The variation range of genetic diversity index of 7 quality traits was 0.39-0.79,and the highest variation range of genetic diversity index was seedling growth habit.The genetic diversity index of the five quantitative traits ranged from 1.57 to 2.03,the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.75%to 4.26%,and the variation range was quiet small.【Conclusion】276 Central Asian barley germplasm resources are divided into 4 groups based on quantitative and quality traits cluster analysis.After comprehensive evaluation,two excellent barley variety resources are obtained,which are as follows:2013-7-DM073 and 2013-7-DM-105,respectively.