生态环境行政处罚中责令限期拆除的理解与适用

Understanding and Application of Ordering Demolition Within a Specified Period in Ecological and Environmental Administrative Penalties

《生态环境行政处罚办法》修订后,责令限期拆除得以正式“入罚”,此种行为属性的转变蕴含着特定的规范逻辑,旨在明晰部分行政责令行为的法律属性,凸显“拆除”行为具有相对较强的制裁属性。然而,责令限期拆除“入罚”存在一定的逻辑不自洽,主要表现为责令限期拆除并未“增加新的义务”,行为责任的可非难性不足,可以引入行政保安处分制度和行政处罚“预防论”目的理论予以补足。据此,为了实质性地促成责令限期拆除“入罚”达致逻辑闭环的应然状态,有必要重申责令限期拆除“入罚”后应遵循的原则及其适用情形,以及须得接受正当程序原则的约束要求。总之,历史经验时刻都在警醒,国家处罚权应当依法合理行使,任何一次“入罚”皆应审慎对待。

After the revision of the Measures on Ecological and Environmental Administrative Penalties,ordering the demolition within a time period is officially prescribed.The transformation of such behavior attribute contains specific normative logic,aiming to clarify the legal attributes of some administrative ordering behaviors and highlight the relatively strong punitive nature of “demolition” behavior.However,there is a certain degree of logical inconsistency in the “penalty” for ordering the demolition within a certain period of time,mainly manifested in the fact that ordering the demolition within a certain period of time does not “add new obligations”,and the reproachability of behavioral responsibility is insufficient.It can be supplemented by introducing the perspective of administrative security sanctions and administrative penalty “prevention theory”.Based on this,in order to substantively promote the “penalty” of ordering the demolition within a time limit to realize the should-be state of logical closed loop,it is necessary to reiterate the principles to be followed by the ordering the demolition within a time limit and their applicable circumstances,as well as the requirement to be bound by the principle of due process.In short,historical experience is always a warning that the exercise of the state's punitive power is a serious matter,and any “punishment” should be treated with caution.