我国水资源的刑法保护探析

Criminal Law Protection Mechanism of Water Resources in China

基于水资源法规范保护的视角,采取文献分析与体系分析的研究方法,评析我国水资源刑法保护的研究现状,在此基础上分析了我国水资源刑法保护现状与当前困境。结果表明:当前刑事立法难以全面保护水资源,缺乏专门保护水量与恢复水资源的刑法规定;水资源的保护法益与新增罪名的构成要件要素尚不明确,不利于保障水资源持续利用。据此增设非法取水罪,对水资源进行直接保护的刑法条文中增加“从轻”或“减轻”的法定量刑情节;明确水资源保护法益为生态学的人类中心主义法益;在“非法取水罪”的条文构建中,明确犯罪主观方面包括过失、犯罪成立的前提是“违反国家规定”,以及在附加刑的适用上采取“并处罚金”的表述方式。

Based on the perspective of normative protection of water resources law,this paper adopts the research methods of literature analysis and system analysis to evaluate the research status quo of the protection of water resources criminal law in China,and then analyzes the current situation and predicament of the protection of water resources criminal law in China.The results show that the current criminal legislation makes it challenging to protect water resources comprehensively,and there is a lack of special criminal law provisions for water protection and restoration;the constitutive elements of the benefits of water resources protection law and the new crimes are not clear,which is not conducive to the sustainable utilization of water resources.Therefore,the crime of illegally drawing water is added,and the statutory sentencing circumstances of‘lighter’or‘mitigated’are added to the criminal law provisions of direct protection of water resources.The benefit of water resources protection law is the anthropocentric legal benefit of ecology.In the construction of the provisions of‘illegal water-taking crime’,it is clear that the subjective aspect of crime includes negligence,the premise of the establishment of crime is‘violation of state regulations’and the expression of‘concurrently fine’is adopted in the application of additional punishment.