英美反向择校现象审思

An Analysis of Reverse School Choice in the UK and the USA

为了促进社会融合,英美两国在其择校政策的基础上倡导混合入学,进入21世纪后,跨文化能力成为各国核心素养的重要内容。在此两方面因素的交互影响下,选择城区质量较差但族群和阶层构成多样化的学校入学即反向择校成为英美两国教育界的一股潮流。反向择校现象既体现了英美两国倡导混合入学的效果,也反映了英美两国中产阶层对跨文化能力重要性的认识,意味着跨文化能力成为一种文化资本。然而,反向择校延续了社会区隔,还导致了城区学校的“绅士化”,社会融合并未如愿实现。

In order to promote social integration,the UK and the USA advocate school mixing on the basis of their school choice policies.Since the 21st century,intercultural competence has become an important part of“key competencies”.Under the influence of interaction of these two factors,choosing schools with relatively poor quality but diversified ethnic groups and classes in urban areas-the reverse school choice-has become a trend in UK and the USA.The phenomenon of reverse school choice not only reflects the effect of school mixing,but also reflects the understanding of the importance of intercultural competence of middle-class parents in these two countries,which indicates that intercultural competence becomes a cultural capital.However,this social phenomenon not only maintains the social segregation,but also leads to the“gentrification”of urban schools,andsocial integration has not been achieved as expected.