基于改进模拟退火算法的齿轮热锻参数优化

Optimization of Hot Forging Parameters for Gear Based on Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm

为提升面齿轮热锻成形的材料利用率,建立了以热锻过程中的“突耳”体积为优化目标,以最大应力为约束的直齿面齿轮热锻工艺参数优化模型。该模型选择关键热锻参数(变形温度、摩擦因子、模具预热温度和锻造打击速度)为设计变量。为获取不同工艺参数下的突耳体积和最大应力,利用继承拉丁质心Voronoi(inherited latinized centroidal Voronoi tessellation, ILCVT)采样方法采集包含初始设计点的训练样本,并通过deform-3D软件对直齿面齿轮的热锻过程进行仿真模拟。引入Kriging模型拟合设计变量与性能响应间的隐式关系。利用模拟退火算法改进了扰动模型、退火温度的衰减方式以及温度变化策略,以提升算法搜索效率。优化得到的锻造工艺参数组合为工件变形温度1 049℃、摩擦因子0.32、模具预热温度206℃、锻造打击速度249 mm/s。在优化后的参数条件下,结合模拟仿真和试验的方法以验证优化结果的有效性。结果表明:优化的工艺参数有效降低了“突耳”体积。

To enhance the material utilization rate in hot forging of straight teeth face gears,an optimization model of the process parameterswas built.The"protrusion"volume generated during hot forging was used as the optimization objective,while the maximum stress was used as the constraint.And key parameters crucial to the hot forging process,including deformation temperature,friction factor,mold preheating temperature,and forging strike speed,were selected as design variables.To evaluate the"protrusion"volume and maximum stress under different process parameters,the inherited Latinized centroidal Voronoi tessellation(ILCVT)method was used to generate training samples containing initial design points.Subsequently,the hot forging process of spur gears was simulated by using deform-3D software.The Kriging model was introduced to model the implicit relationship between design variables and performance responses.The simulated annealing algorithm was introduced.Moreover,the disturbance model,annealing temperature attenuation method,and temperature variation strategy were improved to enhance the algorithm search efficiency.The optimized forging process parameters were workpiece deformation temperature of 1049℃,friction factor of 0.32,mold preheating temperature of 206℃,and forging strike speed of 249 mm/s.The effectiveness of the optimization results were verified through a combination of simulation and experimental methods.The results show that the optimized process parametersy effectively reduces the"protrusion"volume.