交易费用、承接主体能力与公共服务供给方式选择

Transaction Costs,Capability of Organizations in Market,and Options for Public Service Provision

通过成本收益分析,结合我国7个领域60个政府购买公共服务案例,研究发现:当交易费用为零时,政府直接供给公共服务和通过购买方式供给公共服务具有等效性;当交易费用不为零时,交易费用和承接主体供给能力是政府提供公共服务供给决策的关键因素。即便政府是“精明”买主,仍然会陷入“政府购买公共服务的悖论”之中。公共服务可描述程度和市场竞争程度是影响交易费用的主要因素,而且市场竞争程度能够影响和反映细分市场中承接主体的整体供给水平。基于以上研究结论,依据公共服务可描述程度和行业市场竞争程度构建了两维空间政府购买公共服务分类供给模式,包括完全市场化供给、政府主导型相机供给以及政府直接供给。

Through a cost-benefit analysis and a review of 60 cases of government procurement of public ser⁃vices across 7 sectors in China,the study revealed that:When transaction costs are zero,the direct provision of pub⁃lic services by the government is equivalent to their procurement.When transaction costs are non-zero,transaction costs and the supply capacity of service providers are key factors in government decisions to provide public servic⁃es.Even when the government is a“smart”buyer,it can still encounter the“paradox of government procurement of public services”.The degree of descriptiveness of public services and the level of market competition are key fac⁃tors influencing transaction costs,with the latter also reflecting the overall supply capabilities of service providers in the market.Based on these findings,a two-dimensional supply model for government procurement of public ser⁃vices has been developed,incorporating the degree of descriptiveness of public services and the level of market competition within the sector,including complete market supply,government-based contingent supply,or direct government supply.