集体球类项目的训练负荷强度分布:区别与规律

Training Load Intensity Distribution of Team Ball Sports:Difference and Rule

寻找集体球类项目训练负荷强度分布(training intensity distribution,TID)在专项特征和使用条件下的项间差异与共性规律,为训练负荷的制定提供理论依据。在Pub Med、Web of Science、中国知网数据库进行系统文献检索并提取TID数据及相关影响变量;采用广义混合模型比较运动员、运动项目、统计方法和训练阶段4个维度对TID的影响;采用偏最小二乘法将纳入项目在上述4个维度上进行聚类分析。共纳入24篇相关文献;运动项目、训练阶段、统计方法3个维度对TID产生影响;依据VO _(2max)和MCV将7个运动项目分为3类。与整体性统计方法相比,过程性统计方法在Zone1的比例更大;与全年训练相比,比赛前期和比赛期的训练负荷在Zone2和Zone3的负荷比例更大;与低VO _(2max)和MCV项目相比,高VO _(2max)和MCV项目在Zone2和Zone3的比例更大。

This study aims to investigate the similarities and differences in the training intensity distribution(TID)of team ball sports based on their specific characteristics and conditions,in order to provide theoretical support for establishing an appropriate training load.A systematic literature review was conducted in the PubMed,Web of Science,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to extract data on TID and relevant influencing variables.Generalized mixed models were used to analyze the effects of athletes,sports disciplines,statistical methods,and training stages on TID.Partial least squares regression was utilized to perform cluster analysis across these four dimensions.A total of 24 relevant studies were included;and three dimensions-sports disciplines,training stages,and statistical methods were found to influence TID.Additionally,VO _(2max) and MCV were used as classification criteria to group seven sports into three categories.Process-oriented statistical methods exhibited a higher proportion in Zone 1 compared to aggregate statistical methods.During the pre-competition and competition phases,a greater proportion of loads was observed in Zone 2 and Zone 3 compared to the annual training phase.Sports with high VO _(2max) and MCV showed a larger proportion in Zone 2 and Zone 3 compared to those with low VO _(2max) and MCV.