CISG下交付不符货物根本违约的认定与违约赔偿——对最高人民法院107号指导性案例及其类案的再审视

Determination and Compensation for Fundamental Breach of Contract of Non-conforming Goods Delivered Under CISG——Review of Guiding Case No.107 of the Supreme People's Court and Other Similar Cases

《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》适用范围内,卖方交付不符货物时,认定根本违约客观标准的核心在于,违约实际上剥夺了非违约方根据合同规定有权期待得到的东西,致使合同目的不能实现。107号指导性案例蒂森克虏伯案中,最高人民法院所作出的买方只要在不存在不合理麻烦的情况下能使用或转售货物(甚至打些折扣),那么交付质量不符货物并不构成根本违约,仅是非根本违约的判定,为交付不符货物时根本违约的认定提供了可参照的标准,使CISG根本违约客观标准在司法实践中得以具象化,而转售成功与否是重要判断因素。利益衡量理论对CISG第25条法律解释的目的性限缩、法律适用的个案判定和具体损害赔偿数额的确定意义重大。

In the scope of application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,when the seller delivers the non-conforming goods,the core of the objective criteria for determining whether it constitutes a fundamental breach is that the breach actually deprives the non-defaulting party of what he is entitled to expect under the contract,and makes the purpose of the contract impossible to achieve.In the Guidance Case No.107,ThyssenKrupp case,the Supreme People's Court concluded that as long as the buyer can use or resell the goods(even at a discount)without unreasonable trouble,the delivery of non-conforming goods does not constitute a fundamental breach of contract,but only a non-fundamental breach of contract.This judgment provides a reference standard for the determination of fundamental breach of contract when the seller delivers non-conforming goods,and the objective standard of CISG fundamental breach of contract is concretized in judicial practice,the success of resale is also an important judgment factor.Balancing of Interest Theory is of great significance to the purposive limiting methods of CISG Article 25 legal interpretation,the case judgment of law application and the determination of specific damages.