1990—2020年云南省人口空间分布的演化特征分析

Characteristics and Trends of Spatial Distribution of Population in Yunnan Province from 1990 to 2020

利用第四至第七次云南省人口普查数据,通过人口分布结构指数、人口重心、人口数量和密度的变化分析等方法,对县域尺度下云南省人口空间分布的演化特征及趋势进行研究。结果表明:(1)云南各县域人口数量总体上保持增长,但在“大永—澜沧线”沿线区域形成一条人口减少地带,致使人口空间格局呈现“中间塌陷、两侧增长”的特征。(2)云南各县域人口增速近年来普遍下降,人口增长表现出“东快西慢”的空间特征。人口分布的不均衡性更加明显,在空间上表现出“东密西疏”的特征且呈现逐步加强的态势,结构上表现出由一般县域向区域性中心城市聚集的特征。(3)近年来云南东部出现一个“C”字型人口聚集带,这一地带现在已成为云南人口增长的核心区域。(4)“大永—澜沧线”作为划分云南人口东、西分布格局的界线已经显现出一定的合理性与显著性。

This study uses the fourth to seventh Yunnan Provincial Census data to conduct a visual study on the evolutionary characteristics and trends of the spatial distribution of Yunnan’s population at the county scale through methods such as population distribution structure index,population center of gravity,population quantity and density change analysis.The results show that:(1)The population of each county in Yunnan has generally maintained growth,but a population reduction zone has formed along the“Dayong-Lancang Line”,causing the population spatial pattern to show the characteristics of“collapse in the middle and growth on both sides”.(2)The population growth rate of counties in Yunnan has generally declined in recent years,and population growth shows the spatial characteristics of“fast in the east and slow in the west”.The imbalance of population distribution is even more obvious,showing the characteristics of“dense in the east and sparse in the west”spatially and showing a gradually strengthening trend,and structurally showing the characteristics of agglomeration from general counties to regional central cities.(3)In recent years,a“C”-shaped population agglomeration belt has appeared in eastern Yunnan.This area has already been the core area of Yunnan’s population growth in the future.(4)The“Dayong-Lancang Line”has shown a certain rationality and significance as the boundary dividing the east and west distribution of Yunnan’s population.