国内医学教育模式及发展趋势探析

Exploration on Domestic Medical Education Model and Development Trend

目的随着信息技术的发展,“新医科”以培养更全面的医学专业人才为目的,为推动国内医学教育模式而逐步调整,本研究主要在繁多的模式中探索其主要的发展趋势。方法对中文数据库,中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)及中文科学引文索引(Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index,CSSCI)中,于1998年1月—2022年12月发表的“医学教育/教学模式”相关的期刊论文,运用CiteSpace软件进行计量分析。本研究面向上海交通大学医学院医学技术学院的412名本科生及研究生,采用随机整群抽样法抽取93名,研究数据通过问卷调查收集,问卷调查的实施时间为2023年11月10—14日。结果最终纳入8023篇文献,可视化分析发现目前文献研究的热点是线上教学。时间线图显示,近10年来,“慕课”及“翻转课堂”等依托网络教学资源的教学模式被持续聚焦,而传统线下教学仍被提及。为证实不同学历级别的学生对多种医学教育模式的选择意向,发放93份调查问卷,回收率100%。问卷结果显示,在线上模式的学习效果及对线下模式的可替代性等观点上,62.2%(58/93)的学生选择二者并行,不同学历间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);进一步分析发现,60.22%(56/93)的学生更倾向于线上结合线下的混合式教学模式。结论在医学教育模式变革过程中,线上教学是前沿热点。但因为医学的实践属性,线上与线下并行的混合式教学模式仍是发展趋势。二者合理的占比分配探索仍是未来的研究方向。

Objective With the development of information technology,the"new medical science"aims to cultivate more comprehensive medical professionals and promote the gradual adjustment of the domestic medical education model.However,it is still necessary to explore the main development trends among the many models.Methods Journal articles related to"Medical Education/Teaching Models"published from January 1998 to December 2022 in two Chinese databases,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index(CSSCI).This study targeted 412 undergraduate and graduate students from the school of medical technology of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.A random cluster sampling method was used to select 93 participants.Data were collected through a questionnaire survey conducted from 10 to 14 November 2023.Results A total of 8023 articles were included in the survey,and the visual analysis revealed that the hotspot of the current literature was online teaching.From the timeline chart,it could be seen that in the past 10 years,teaching modes relying on online teaching resources,such as"catechism"and"flipped classroom",have been continuously focused on.Even so,traditional offline teaching was still mentioned.To further understand students'preferences for medical education modes,a total of 93 questionnaires were distributed with a 100%recovery rate.In terms of the learning effect and problems of the online mode and the substitutability of offline mode,62.2%(58/93)students chose to use both,and there was no statistical difference between different educational backgrounds(P>0.05).Further analysis showed that 60.22%(56/93)students preferred the blended teaching mode of combining online with offline.Conclusion The online mode is a cuttingedge hotspot in the process of medical education change.However,because of the practical attributes of medicine,the hybrid teaching mode of online and offline in parallel is the development trend.The exploration of the reasonable proportion distribution and combination of the two remains the future research direction.