淀粉基水凝胶的制备及其应用进展

Preparation and application progress of starch-based hydrogels

水凝胶是由亲水性聚合物链交联形成的具有三维网络结构的高分子材料,具有强大的吸水保水性能。淀粉是一种环境友好型的天然多糖。淀粉基水凝胶具有生物相容性好、生物降解性强及对溶剂吸收能力优异等特性,已引起广泛的关注。该文首先简述了常用的淀粉改性方法;然后从化学交联淀粉基水凝胶、物理交联淀粉基水凝胶、双交联淀粉基水凝胶三方面综述了淀粉基水凝胶的制备;接着介绍了淀粉基水凝胶在生物传感器、医用辅料、药物输送载体、组织工程支架、土壤保护等方面的应用进展;最后,针对目前淀粉基水凝胶存在的问题,提出了其未来的发展方向。

Hydrogels,polymer materials with three-dimensional network structure formed from the crosslinking of hydrophilic polymer chains,have strong water absorption and water retention properties,while starch is an natural and environment friendly polysaccharide.Starch-based hydrogels have attracted wide attention due to their good biocompatibility,strong biodegradability and excellent solvent absorption capacity.In this review,the common methods for starch modification were briefly described.Then,the preparation of starch hydrogels were then summarized from the aspects of chemical cross-linking,physical cross-linking and double cross-linking.Subsequently,the application progress of starch-based hydrogels in biological sensors,medical dressings,drug transport carriers,tissue engineering stents,agricultural soil protection and other fields was further introduced.Finally,the future development directions of starch-based hydrogels were discussed in view of the existing problems.