面向电动汽车用户的电价套餐模块化设计

Modular Design of Electricity Price Package for Electric Vehicle Users

合理的电价套餐能够有效地调动电力用户主动参与需求响应的积极性,在减少供电公司的基础建设投资和运行压力的同时,提升售电公司的收益,降低用户的用电费用。针对当前电力市场中用户类型多样,市场竞争压力日增,各方对电价套餐的需求各异,且缺少合适的电价套餐以供选择的情况,提出了一种面向电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)用户的电价套餐模块化设计方法。首先,通过采用两阶段聚类法生成典型EV用户的充电负荷曲线来确定其充电需求,其中第一阶段使用凝聚层次聚类算法,第二阶段使用K-means聚类方法。其次,运用大规模定制理论并根据典型EV用户的充电需求来设置齐备的电价套餐模块,并计算不同EV用户的个性化充电需求与各模块之间的综合相关度矢量。然后,根据该相关度矢量为每个EV用户分别选择适合的个性化模块组,并逐一配置模块组的相应个性化属性及特征值。最后,结合所选用模块及其属性合特征值配置情况构造考虑需求响应的模块化电价套餐的定价模型。算例结果表明了所提出的电价套餐设计方法是正确、可行的,能够达成供、售电公司以及用户三方共赢的局面。

A reasonable electricity price package can effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of power users to participate in demand response actively,reduce the infrastructure investment and operation pressure of power supply companies,increase the income of power sales companies,and reduce the electricity cost of users.Because of the diversity of user types in the current electricity market,the increasing pressure of market competition,the different needs of each party for electricity price packages,and the lack of suitable electricity price packages for selection,a modular design method of electricity price packages for electric vehicle(EV)users is proposed.Firstly,a two-stage clustering method determines the charging load curve of typical EV users’charging demand.The first stage uses the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm(AGNES),and the second uses the K-means clustering method.Secondly,the mass customization theory is used to set up a complete electricity price package module according to the charging demand of typical EV users,and the comprehensive correlation vector between the personalized charging demand of different EV users and each module is calculated.Then,according to the correlation vector,the appropriate personalized module groups are selected for each EV user,and the corresponding personalized attributes and eigenvalues of the module groups are configured individually.Finally,the pricing model of modular electricity price package considering demand response is constructed based on the selected module and its attribute value configuration.The results of the example show that the design method of the electricity price package proposed in this paper is correct and feasible and can achieve a win-win situation for power supply,sales companies,and users.