儿童青少年奶及奶制品摄入与超重肥胖关系的Meta分析

Meta-analysis of the relationship of milk and dairy products intake with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents

目的系统分析奶及奶制品摄入与儿童青少年超重肥胖的关系,为儿童青少年超重肥胖控制提供依据。方法检索2013年1月至2023年10月的中国知网(CNKI)、万方、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库,搜集有关儿童青少年奶及奶制品摄入与超重肥胖关系的相关研究文献。对筛选出的文献进行质量评价、资料提取,以比值比(OR)和置信区间(95%CI)为效应指标,并使用Revmam 5.4软件进行异质性检验、发表偏倚分析等。结果共纳入19篇文献(109661名研究对象),包括横断面研究11篇、队列研究4篇、随机对照研究3篇和病例对照研究1篇。11篇横断面研究的Meta分析结果显示,奶及奶制品摄入与儿童青少年肥胖相关性无统计学意义(OR=0.91,95%CI=0.76~1.09,P>0.05),但其中只针对液态奶研究的4篇文献显示与儿童青少年超重肥胖呈负相关(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.74~0.91,P<0.01)。队列研究的Meta分析结果显示,奶及奶制品摄入与儿童青少年肥胖呈负相关(OR=0.59,95%CI=0.45~0.79,P<0.01)。随机对照研究显示奶及奶制品摄入能够改善儿童青少年超重肥胖;病例对照研究显示,奶及奶制品摄入与儿童青少年超肥胖呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论奶及奶制品摄入可能是儿童青少年超重肥胖的影响因素。可采取适当措施倡导儿童青少年饮奶行为,以减少儿童青少年超重肥胖的发生。

Objective To systematically analyze the association between dairy products intake and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents,so as to provide evidence for the control of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.Methods Retrieve between January 2013 and October 2023,the relevant research literature about milk and its products of the relationship between intake of child and adolescent overweight and obesity were collected,from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and the Cochrane Library databases.Taking OR and 95%CI as effect indicators,quality evaluation and data extraction were conducted by using the inclusion and exclusion criteria,Revmam 5.4 software was used for test for heterogeneity and publication bias analysis.Results A total of 19 articles were included,including 11 cross-sectional studies,4 cohort studies,3 randomized controlled studies,and 1 case-control study.A total of 109661 participants were included.The results of Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that the total intake of milk and dairy products was not significantly associated with obesity in children and adolescents(OR=0.91,95%CI=0.76-1.09,P>0.05).However,liquid milk intake was negatively associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.74-0.91,P<0.01).The Meta-analysis of cohort studies showed that milk and dairy products intake were negatively associated with obesity in children and adolescents(OR=0.59,95%CI=0.45-0.79,P<0.01).Randomized controlled studies supported the effects of milk and dairy products intake on children and adolescents with overweight and obesity,while case-control studies showed an inverse association(P<0.05).Conclusions The intake of milk and dairy products is associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.Measures should be taken to guide children and adolescents'milk intake behaviors to prevent childhood overweight and obesity.