睾丸炎治疗的生理机制与调控网络研究进展

Research progress on the physiological mechanism and regulatory network of orchitis treatment

睾丸炎严重影响患者生活质量,目前针对睾丸炎的治疗方法都存在一定的局限性和副作用。当前开发中的临床治疗方法主要聚焦于睾丸炎进程中涉及的通路和因子之间的相互作用和调控网络,涉及的药物作用靶点主要有炎症通路[如p38MAPK、核因子κB(NF-κB)、PI3K/Akt等]、细胞因子[如肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL-6)等]以及一氧化氮合酶等,但以上研究尚在动物模型层面,仍需要进一步的临床研究来验证其疗效和安全性,才有可能实现临床转化。本文从自身免疫和外源微生物诱导两个方面,综述睾丸炎新的治疗方法的临床前动物研究。主要探讨的疗法有:针对自身免疫性睾丸炎的富马酸酮替芬、阿司匹林、L-NAME、激活素A;针对外源性微生物诱导的睾丸炎的皮质酮、褪黑激素、甲烷、长链非编码RNA母系表达基因3(MEG3)、Abaloparatide、重组Ⅰ型干扰素等。

Orchitis is a common male genitourinary disorder that significantly impacts patients life quality.Current treatment strategies have certain limitations and side effects.Ongoing therapeutic strategies focus on the interactions and regulatory networks among pathways and factors involved in the progression of orchitis.The targeted pharmacological agents include inflammatory pathways(p38MAPK,NF-κB,PI3K/Akt),cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6),and the nitric oxide synthase(NOS)system.However,these studies are currently at the animal research stage,and further clinical investigations are necessary to validate their efficacy and safety before clinical use.This article reviews the preclinical animal studies on new treatment methods of orchitis from the aspects of autoimmunity and exogenous microorganism induction,including ketotifen furmarate,aspirin,L-NAME,activin A,cortisol,melatonin,methane,long non-coding RNA MEG3,Abaloparatide,recombinant typeⅠinterferon,and so on.